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Lippi, Filippo - *Pregbiera di s. Giovanni fanciullo*. Detail of the fresco with the Stories of St. John the Baptist in the Desert (1452–64) - Prato, Duomo.
In 1717, Clement XI granted additional privileges to the Chapter of the patriarchal church. Earlier, John V had already granted them all the honors and prerogatives that bishops held in the Kingdom. The same Pontiff also divided the diocese into two parts: to the east, the archiepiscopal church, and to the west, the patriarchate. This division corresponded to the civil division of the city decreed by King John V, which gave rise to many disputes. Thus, it was debated whether the solemnity of the Forty Hours should be held in the archiepiscopal church, and so on. Clement XI ratified this division with the bull *Gregis dominici cura* (3 Jan. 1718). This Pontiff granted the Patriarch of L. the faculty to consecrate kings (bull *Sacrosancti apostolatus*, 20 Sept. 1720), a faculty previously granted to the Archbishop of Braga by Eugenius IV. Clement XII, with the bull *Circumspecta Sedis Apostolicae* (8 March 1737), granted John V the right of patronage over the Eastern Church. He also decreed that the Patriarch of L. be created a cardinal in the Consistory immediately following his election.
The eastern archbishopric was suppressed by Benedict XIV with the bull *Salvatoris Nostri Mater* (13 Dec. 1740), thereby putting an end to numerous unpleasant disputes. Immediately after the execution of the bull, the King also suppressed the civil division of the city.
At the request of the Patriarch, supported by the King, Clement XI permitted the vicar general to be an archbishop, "*pro hac vice tantum et dummodo huiusmodi concessio non transeat in exemplum*." Despite this clause, from then on all vicars general bore the title of Archbishop of Lacedaemon, a title which in the 19th century was changed to that of Mytilene.
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LISBON, PATRIARCHATE OF
Exterior of the cathedral of Lisbon (16th century).
The earliest historical records of the Bishop of Lisbon date to the 4th century. It is known that in 357, Potamius, Bishop of Lisbon, unjustly accused of Arianism, took part in the Council of Sirmium alongside Ossius, Bishop of Córdoba. The names of other bishops are also known, but only from their attendance at councils, so their complete succession cannot be reconstructed. In 1121, Calixtus II granted the metropolitan rights of Mérida to the cathedral of Compostela; thus, the Archbishop of Compostela also had as suffragans the diocese of Lisbon. This caused disputes between Braga and Compostela, which ended in 1199 with Innocent III’s bull *In causa duorum*, which placed Lisbon and Évora under the metropolitan jurisdiction of Compostela. Soon after Afonso Henriques, the first King of Portugal, conquered Lisbon from the Saracens, he sought to restore the ancient episcopal see. In the time of John I, King of Portugal, the diocese of Lisbon was elevated to an archdiocese by Boniface IX with the bull *In eminentissime dignitatis* (10 Nov. 1394), having as suffragans the dioceses of Évora, Lamego, Guarda, and Silves. The first archbishop was D. João Anes, who had previously been bishop since 1383. When Évora was made an archdiocese in 1540, the Archbishop of Lisbon lost Évora and Silves. However, in 1545 and 1549, the new dioceses of Leiria and Portalegre were created, which remain suffragans of Lisbon to this day. The dioceses of Angra, Cape Verde, São Tomé, Bahia (Brazil), and Congo (Angola) were also suffragans of Lisbon.
During the reign of John V, the cathedral of Lisbon received many prerogatives from the Holy See. Thus, Clement XI, with the bull *Apostolatus ministerio* (1 March 1710), erected the royal chapel, dedicated to St. Thomas, as a collegiate church with 6 dignities, 18 canons, 12 beneficed clergy, and other mansionaries appointed by the king. The same Pontiff, with the bull *In supremo apostolatus solio* (7 Nov. 1716), elevated the collegiate church of St. Thomas in the royal chapel to the dignity of a patriarchal church and basilica until a proper patriarchal church and basilica could be built. By decree of 12 Feb. 1717, John V granted the Patriarch of Lisbon all the honors that cardinals of the Holy Roman Church held in the Kingdom, and by decree of 1 Apr. 1719, he granted the Patriarch of Lisbon and his successors an annual pension of 220 gold marks.
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LISBON, PATRIARCHATE OF
Exterior of the cathedral of Lisbon (16th century).