Maachah(MAACHA)Vol. VII, p. 1038 MAACHA. — Biblical name of nine persons, of both sexes, from the first of whom a branch of the Arameans took its name (v.). The principal ones are: 1. M., son…
MaasbodeVol. VII, p. 1038 MAASBODE. — Catholic daily newspaper (“The Messenger of the Meuse”), published in Rotterdam from 1 October 1868. Initially a weekly, it became a daily in 1885,…
MaasiaVol. VII, p. 1038 MAASIA. — Of the numerous persons bearing this name, about twenty, mentioned in the Old Testament, the principal ones are: 1) A Levite of the lineage of…
Maassen, FriedrichVol. VII, p. 1038 MAASSEN, FRIEDRICH. - Jurist and canonist, b. at Wismar on 24 Sept. 1829, d. at Wilten (Innsbruck) on 9 Apr. 1900. Born of non-Catholic parents, he converted…
MaastrichtVol. VII, p. 1038 MAASTRICHT. - Ancient diocese in Holland, now within the diocese of Ruremonda. As the name indicates, the city owes its origin to a boat or a ford across the…
Mabillon, JeanVol. VII, p. 1039 MABILLON, JEAN. – Benedictine of the Congregation of S. Mauro (v. MAURINI), born at St-Pierremont (Reims) on 23 November 1632, died at St-Germain-des-Prés on…
Mabuse, Jan Gossaert dettoVol. VII, p. 1039 MABUSE, JAN GOSSAERT detto. — Dutch, born between 1470 and 1480. He came to Rome in 1508. A record of his stay in Italy remains in Guicciardini, who considered…
Macao, Diocese of(MACAO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1040 MACAO, diocese of. – City and diocese in China. It forms a peninsula beside the southeast coast of China, in the midst of the delta formed by the West and…
Macapá(MACAPÀ)Vol. VII, p. 1040 MACAPÀ. – Nullius prelature in the federal territory of Amapà (Brazil), suffragan of Belem do Pará. It has an area of 143,716 sq. km., with 40,000 inhabitants,…
Macario, Metropolitan of Moscow(MACARIO, METROPOLITA DI MOSCA)Vol. VII, p. 1042 MACARIO, Metropolitan of MOSCA—Archbishop of Novgorod, in 1543 Metropolitan of Mosca. Born in 1482, died in 1563, he was one of the most distinguished…
MacariusVol. VII, p. 1042 MACARIUS. - The Hellenized name of Giovanni L'Heureux, archaeologist, philologist, and Hellenist, b. in 1540 or 1551 at Gravelines on the English Channel, d.…
Macarius (Cyril V)(MACARIO (CIRILLO V))Vol. VII, p. 1040 MACARIO (CIRILLO V). – Coptic Uniate priest, born at Scenaineh (diocese of Thebes, Egypt) on 19 February 1867, died in Beirut on 18 May 1921. From 17 March…
Macarius (Ivanov)(MACARIO (IVANOV))Vol. VII, p. 1040 MACARIO (IVANOV). - A Russian monk of the Optina pustyn near Kozelsk, b. in 1788, d. 19 September (7 according to the old style) 1860; one of the most…
Macarius I of Jerusalem, Saint(MACARIO I DI GERUSALEMME, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 1040 MACARIO I di GERUSALEMME, saint. - He was the 39th bishop of Jerusalem from 313 to 334. He is found among those present at the Council of Nicaea (325), where…
Macarius of Alexandria(MACARIO D'ALESSANDRIA)Vol. VII, p. 1040 MACARIO d'ALESSANDRIA. - The various persons named M. who were famous in Egypt were discussed by C. Butler (The Lausiac history of Palladius, II [Texts and…
Macarius of Magnesia(MACARIO DI MAGNESIA)Vol. VII, p. 1041 MACARIO di MAGNESIA. — At the “Synod of the Oak” (403), a bishop M. of Magnesia accused Eracle of Ephesus, a friend of St. Giovanni Crisostomo (Fozio, Bibl.,…
Macarius the Great(MACARIO IL GRANDE)Vol. VII, p. 1040 MACARIO il GRANDE. — Also called the Egyptian or the Elder. Palladius (Hist. Laus., 17; ed. C. Butler, I, Cambridge 1899, pp. 43, 5 sgg.) and Rufinus (Hist.…
Macarius, Abbot of Pelecete, Saint(MACARIO, ABATE DI PELECETE, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 1042 MACARIO, abbot of PELECETE, saint. — Born in Constantinople, ca. 820. Successor of St. Ilarione (late eighth century), he equaled him in zeal for the sacred…
Maccabees (Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, Vulgate Machabaei)(MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI))Vol. VII, p. 1042 MACCABEES (Gr. Μακκαβαῖοι, Vulg. Machabaei). — With the surname “Maccabee” given to Judas, the chief hero of the Jewish revolt against the yoke of Antiochus IV…
Maccabees, Saints, Martyrs(MACCABEI, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. VII, p. 1046 MACCABEI, saints, martyrs: v. SETTE FRATELLI (MACCABEI), santi, martiri.
Maccari, CesareVol. VII, p. 1046 MACCARI, CESARE. – Painter, born in Siena on 9 May 1840, died in Rome on 7 August 1919. In his native city he was successively a pupil of the sculptor T.…
Macchi, VincenzoVol. VII, p. 1047 MACCHI, VINCENZO. - Cardinal, born at Capodimonte, diocese of Montefiascone, on 31 Aug. 1770, died at Rome on 30 Sept. 1860. Attached to the nunciature at…
MacchiaioliVol. VII, p. 1047 MACCHIAIOLI. – This designation refers to a group of painters active in Tuscany, especially in Florence, during the second half of the nineteenth century,…
Macedo, FrancescoVol. VII, p. 1048 MACEDO, FRANCESCO. - Friar Minor, theologian, also known as da S. Agostino. Born at Coimbra in 1596, died at Padua on 1 May 1681. Having entered the Society of…
MacedoniaVol. VII, p. 1048 MACEDONIA. - The south-central region of the Balkan peninsula, until 1912 included in European Turkey and divided among Greece, Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria. It…
Macedonius and Macedonians(MACEDONIO E MACEDONIANI)Vol. VII, p. 1053 MACEDONIO and MACEDONIANI. — Bishop of Constantinople from 342 to 360, from whom, beginning around 380, ecclesiastical historians derived the designation…
Maceió, Archdiocese of(MACEIÒ, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1054 MACEIÒ, ARCHDIOCESE of. — Capital and archdiocese of the State of Alagôas in Brazil. Over an area of 11,928 sq. km., it has 623,756 inhabitants, of whom…
Macerata, Diocese of(MACERATA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1056 MACERATA, DIOCESI di – Loggia del popolo or “dei Mercanti” (1504–1505). Designed by Cassiano del Fabriano. Within the territory of the single parish is S.…
Mach, ErnstVol. VII, p. 1056 MACH, ERNST. - German physicist and philosopher, b. at Tufany (Moravia) on 18 February 1838, d. at Haur (Monaco) on 19 February 1916. He taught physics at the…
Mach, JoséVol. VII, p. 1056 MACH, JOSÉ. - Spanish Jesuit, missionary, and writer who exercised considerable influence on the ecclesiastical culture of his time, b. in Barcellona on 3 May…
MacHale, John(MAC HALE, JOHN)Vol. VII, p. 1056 MAC HALE, JOHN. - Irish prelate, b. 6 March 1791 at Tobbernavine, d. 7 Nov. 1881 at Tuam. He studied at the College of Maynooth and, after being ordained a…
Macharontes(MACHERONTE)Vol. VII, p. 1057 MACHERONTE. – A mountain fort east of the Dead Sea, built by Alexander Jannaeus (Fl. Josephus, Bell. Iud., VII, 6, 2) and razed to the ground by the Romans in…
Machaut (Machault), GuillaumeVol. VII, p. 1057 MACHAUT (MACHAULT), GUILLAUME. – Poet and musician, b. ca. 1300 at Machaut (Champagne). A cleric in 1323, d. in 1377, canon of the cathedral of Reims. In…
Machiavelli, NiccolòVol. VII, p. 1057 MACHIAVELLI, NICCOLÒ. – Writer and politician, born on 3 May 1469 in Florence, died there on 22 June 1527. I. LIFE AND WORKS. — The label “Florentine…
Machiavellism(MACHIAVELLISMO)Vol. VII, p. 1060 MACHIAVELLISM. – The term “m.”, which after centuries of customary use has now entered political lexicons as well, has stimulated curious investigations, not…
Machiques, Apostolic Vicariate of(MACHIQUES, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VII, p. 1061 MACHIQUES, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — Situated on the western borders of Venezuela, it comprises the districts or provinces belonging to the State of Zulia:…
Machmas (Hebrew Mikmās and Mikmās; Greek Μαϊζᾶζ; Arabic Muḥmās)(MACHMAS (EBR. MIKMĀS E MIKMĀS; GR. MAYZĀZ; ARABO MUḤMĀS))Vol. VII, p. 1061 MACHMAS (Heb. Mikmās and Mikmās; Gk. Mayzāz; Arab. Muḥmās). — A village 13 km. north of Jerusalem, famous for the valiant exploits of Ionathan (v.) son of…
Macinghi Strozzi, AlessandraVol. VII, p. 1062 MACINGHI STROZZI, ALESSANDRA. — A noblewoman, born in Florence in 1407, where she died on 11 March 1471. At the age of sixteen she married Matteo Strozzi, who,…
Mackenzie, Apostolic Vicariate of(MACKENZIE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VII, p. 1062 MACKENZIE, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — Situated in the north-central regions of Canada, it was erected on 30 July 1901 by division of the vicariate of…
Mackintosh, JamesVol. VII, p. 1062 MACKINTOSH, JAMES. - English politician and thinker, b. at Aldourie (Scotland) on 24 Sept. 1765, d. in London on 3 May 1832. A spiritual disciple of…
MacNabb, VincentVol. VII, p. 1063 MACNABB, VINCENT. — Dominican theologian and preacher, b. at Portaferry (Ireland) on 8 July 1868, d. in London on 17 June 1943. For forty years he taught…
Maconi, StefanoVol. VII, p. 1063 MACONI, STEFANO. — Carthusian, born in Siena around 1350, died in the convent of S. Maria delle Grazie at Pavia on 7 September (9 August) 1424. In 1376 he…
MacPherson, James(MACHPERSON, JAMES)Vol. VII, p. 1062 MACHPERSON, JAMES. — Scottish man of letters, b. in Ruthven on 27 October 1736, d. in Belville on 17 February 1796. He is the famous manipulator of the poems…
Macrina, Saint(MACRINA, SANTA)Vol. VII, p. 1063 MACRINA, saint. — Grandmother of St. Basil the Great, not to be confused with the sister of the same Saint who bore the same name. Born at Neocaesarea in…
MadabaVol. VII, p. 1063 MADABA. — City (Heb. Mēdhhbā'; Septuagint Mᾶᾶᾶᾶ and Mᾶᾶᾶ; Vulgate Medaba; Mesha stele: Mhab') of Jordan, 8 km southeast of Hesebon (v.). It is mentioned for…
MadagascarVol. VII, p. 1064 MADAGASCAR. - It is the only large island of the African continent (with its 585,000 sq. km. of surface area, it is the fourth largest on Earth), from which it…
Madauros (Mdaourou)Vol. VII, p. 1067 MADAUROS (Mdaourou) – Epitaph of the presbyter Liberatus, who died in exile at M. for the Catholic faith (first quarter of the sixth century). to every school;…
Madauros (Mdaourouch)Vol. VII, p. 1066 MADAUROS (MDAOUROUCH). - In Algeria, from the end of the 1st century, a Roman colony of veterans under the name of Colonia Flavia Augusta Veteranorum. It…
Madeleine Sophie Barat, Saint(MADDALENA SOFIA BARAT, SANTA)Vol. VII, p. 1067 MADDALENA SOFIA BARAT, saint. - Foundress of the Society of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, b. at Joigny (Yonne department) on 12 Dec. 1779, d. at Paris on 24 May…
Maderno, AlessandroVol. VII, p. 1067 MADERNO, ALESSANDRO – Barnabite theologian, born in Capolago (Como) on 15 May 1617, died in Rome on 6 April 1685. He taught theology for many years in the…
Maderno, CarloVol. VII, p. 1067 MADERNO, CARLO. — Architect, born at Capolago (Canton Ticino) in 1559, died in Rome on 30 January 1629. Nephew of D. and G. Fontana, he collaborated with them…
Maderno, StefanoVol. VII, p. 1068 MADERNO, STEFANO. - Lombard sculptor, born at Bissone in 1576, died at Rome on 17 September 1636. By 1600 he was already in Rome and produced his masterpiece…
Madison, Diocese of(MADISON, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1069 MADISON, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in the State of Wisconsin (United States of America). It comprises the counties of Columbia, Dane, Grant, Green, Green…
Madness(FOLLIA)Vol. V, p. 876 FOLLIA: V. INFERMITÀ MENTALE.
Madonnari(MADONNERI)Vol. VII, p. 1070 MADONNERI. — This was the name given in Venice to those painters of sacred images, for the most part of Cretan origin, who as early as the fourteenth century,…
Madras, Archdiocese of(MADRAS, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1071 MADRAS, ARCHDIOCESE of. — It is situated in the southeastern part of India and entrusted to the Pious Society of St. John Bosco. It initially formed part of…
Madrid (Madridius), CristóbalVol. VII, p. 1072 MADRID (Madridius), CRISTÓBAL. - Spanish Jesuit and ascetical writer, born at Daimiel (diocese of Toledo) about 1503, died in Rome on 13 Aug. 1573. He was…
Madrid, Diocese of(MADRID, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1071 MADRID, DIOCESI of. – Diocese and capital city of Spain. The diocese has an area of 7,988.75 sq. km., with a population of 1,909,003 inhabitants, of whom…
Madrigal(MADRIGALE)Vol. VII, p. 1072 MADRIGALE. — From “matricale,” with reference both to the language and to maternal song; or from “mandriale,” the song of shepherds. In its most common form…
Madruzzo, CristoforoVol. VII, p. 1073 MADRUZZO, CRISTOFORO. — Cardinal and prince-bishop of Trento, born at Castel Nano in Val di Non on 5 July 1512, died at Tivoli on 5 July 1578. Descended from a…
Madruzzo, Ludovico(MADRUZZO, LODOVICO)Vol. VII, p. 1073 MADRUZZO, LODOVICO. - Cardinal and prince-bishop of Trento, born in Trento in 1532, died in Rome on 2 Apr. 1600. Nephew of Card. Cristoforo M., he succeeded…
Madurai (Madura), Diocese of(MADHURAI (MADURA), DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1068 MADHURAI (MADURA), DIOCESE of. — On the south-eastern coast of India, entrusted to the Jesuits of the province of Toulouse. The mission of M. owes its…
Madách, ImreVol. VII, p. 1064 MADÁCH, IMRE. - Hungarian dramatist, b. at Alsostregova on 21 Jan. 1823, d. there on 4 Oct. 1864. His sole great work is Az ember tragédiája (“The Tragedy of…
Maes (Masius), AndreasVol. VII, p. 1073 MAES (Masius), ANDREAS. - Belgian orientalist, b. in 1514 at Lennick-lez-Bruxelles, d. near Clèves in 1573. “Primus” of the Faculty of Arts at Louvain in 1533,…
Maes, BonifaciusVol. VII, p. 1073 MAES, BONIFACIUS. — Franciscan ascetical-mystical theologian, born at Gand (Belgium) in 1627, died there on 3 October 1706. He entered the Order of Friars…
MaestranzeVol. VII, p. 1073 MAESTRANZE. - Term used in Sicily to designate the guilds of arts and trades, which, numerous, although under different names and with special characteristics,…
Maestre di Santa DoroteaVol. VII, p. 1074 MAESTRE DI SANTA DOROTEA. - In 1834, at Quinto, near Genova, the Blessed Paola Frassinetti, with six other companions, under the guidance of her brother…
Maestre di Santa Dorotea, Daughters of the Sacred Hearts(MAESTRE DI SANTA DOROTEA, FIGLIE DEI SACRI CUORI)Vol. VII, p. 1074 MAESTRE DI SANTA DOROTEA, FIGLIE DEI SACRI CUORI. - In 1815, at Villaperta di Calcinate (Bergamo), the parish priest Giovanni Battista Fenaroli began the Pious…
Maestre Pie Dell'AddolorataVol. VII, p. 1074 MAESTRE PIE DELL'ADDOLORATA. - The Institute arose in 1818 at Coriano, diocese of Rimini, where the gentlewoman Elisabetta Renzi gathered together some nuns…
Maestre Pie FilippiniVol. VII, p. 1074 MAESTRE PIE FILIPPINI. – In 1692 Cardinal M. A. Barbarigo, bishop of Montefiascone, summoned from nearby Viterbo the Ven. Rosa Venerini (v.) to establish in…
Maestre Pie VeneriniVol. VII, p. 1075 MAESTRE PIE VENERINI. — They were founded at Viterbo on 30 August 1685 by the venerable Rosa Venerini (v.), with the approval of the bishop, Cardinal Urbano…
Maestri CattoliciVol. VII, p. 1075 MAESTRI CATTOLICI. — The Italian Catholic teachers’ organization is centered on two flourishing associations: the Movimento maestri di Azione Cattolica and the…
Maestro del Sacro PalazzoVol. VII, p. 1076 MAESTRO DEL SACRO PALAZZO. — Title of a dignitary of the Papal Court, whose duties have undergone various changes. Only modern studies conducted (by Denifle,…
Maestro di CameraVol. VII, p. 1077 MAESTRO DI CAMERA. - Praefectus cubiculi Sanctitatis Suae (at the Roman imperial Court: magister admissionum), in Italian « m. di c. del Papa o di S. Santità »…
Maestro di CasaVol. VII, p. 1077 MAESTRO DI CASA. - He is one of the dignitaries of the papal household, entrusted—or at least formerly entrusted—with the administration of the personnel of…
Maeterlinck, MauriceVol. VII, p. 1077 MAETERLINCK, MAURICE. - Poet, born in Ghent to a wealthy Flemish family on 29 August 1862, died in Nice on 6 May 1949. Destined for a legal career, a not…
Maffei, AndreaVol. VII, p. 1078 MAFFEI, ANDREA. - Poet and translator, b. at Molina in Val di Ledro (Trentino) on 19 April 1798, d. at Milan on 27 November 1885. He perfected his knowledge of…
Maffei, BernardinoVol. VII, p. 1078 MAFFEI, BERNARDINO. - Cardinal, b. at Bergamo in 1514, d. at Rome on 1 Aug. 1553. He studied law at Padua and became secretary to Card. A. Farnese, with whom…
Maffei, GiampietroVol. VII, p. 1078 MAFFEI, GIAMPIETRO. — Jesuit, humanist, and historiographer, born at Bergamo in 1535, died at Tivoli (Rome) on 21 October 1603. Already a professor of…
Maffei, ScipioneVol. VII, p. 1078 MAFFEI, SCIPIONE. – Scholar, polymath, tragic poet, born in Verona on 1 June 1675, died there on 11 February 1755. In 1710–50, together with A. Zeno and A.…
Maffi, PietroVol. VII, p. 1079 MAFFI, PIETRO. — Cardinal, archbishop of Pisa, born at Corteolona (Pavia) on 12 October 1858, died at Pisa on 17 March 1931. He completed his studies at the…
MafrianoVol. VII, p. 1079 MAFRIANO. – High dignitary of the Jacobite Church. In Syriac, m. means “one who bears fruit,” and the title was applied to the dignity created at the beginning…
Magalotti, LorenzoVol. VII, p. 1079 MAGALOTTI, LORENZO. - Writer, born in Rome on 13 Dec. 1637, died in Florence on 2 Mar. 1712. He began his career as a mathematician and physician, and, as…
Magalotti, Ugolino, Blessed(MAGALOTTI, UGOLINO, BEATO)Vol. VII, p. 1080 MAGALOTTI, UGOLINO, blessed. – Hermit of the Third Order of S. Francesco, born near Camerino at the beginning of the 14th century, died there on 11 December…
MagdalaVol. VII, p. 1080 MAGDALA. - A locality, the location of which is disputed, in the vicinity of the Lake of Genesareth. In the critical text of the Gospels the name M. does not…
MageddoVol. VII, p. 1080 MAGEDDO. – Formerly a powerful city of Palestine (Heb. Mëghiddō[n]; Septuagint Μαγεδώ or Μαγεδδών; Egyptian M'ktj; el-'Amärnah Makiddu; Assyrian Magidü),…
Magellan, Ferdinand(MAGELLANO, FERDINANDO)Vol. VII, p. 1081 MAGELLANO, FERDINANDO. – In Portuguese Fernão de Magalhães, Portuguese navigator, b. in 1480 at Villa de Sabrosa in the province of Trazos-Montes to a noble…
Mager, AloisVol. VII, p. 1082 MAGER, ALOIS. — Benedictine, philosopher and psychologist, born at Zimmern near Rottweil (Swabia) on 21 August 1883, died at Salzburg on 26 December 1946. He…
Maggi, Sebastiano, Blessed(MAGGI, SEBASTIANO, BEATO)Vol. VII, p. 1082 MAGGI, SEBASTIANO, blessed. - Dominican, b. at Brescia in 1414, d. at Genoa in Nov. 1496. He entered religious life in his native city in 1430, was prior in…
MaggiorascatoVol. VII, p. 1083 MAGGIORASCATO. - I. GENERAL CONCEPT. - The m., or maggiorasco, is a form of entail (v.), which came into use in the Middle Ages, chiefly for the hereditary…
MagiVol. VII, p. 1084 MAGI. — Figures who came from the East to Jerusalem, guided by a star, to adore the King of the Jews. Sent by Herod to Bethlehem, they find the Child Jesus and…
Magic(MAGIA)Vol. VII, p. 1087 MAGIA. — I. IN NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS. — It is the art of dominating the forces of nature and life. The name derives from the Magi (μᾶγα), who were one of the…
Maginulf(MAGINULFO)Vol. VII, p. 1091 MAGINULFO: v. SILVESTRO IV, ANTIPAPA.
Magister MartinusVol. VII, p. 1091 MAGISTER MARTINUS: v. MARTINO da CREMONA. MAGISTERO DELLA CHIESA: v. CHIESA, A, I, VI: Poteria della Chiesa; CONCILIO; INFALLIBILITÀ; PREDICAZIONE.
Magister OfficiorumVol. VII, p. 1091 MAGISTER OFFICIORUM. – He is one of the great central officials of the absolute Roman Empire, that is, of the form it assumed following the…
Magistrate(MAGISTRATO)Vol. VII, p. 1091 MAGISTRATO. – Magistratus, from magister, etymologically means a chief, one placed in charge. In ordinary usage, the concept of magistracy was customarily…
Magistretti, MarcoVol. VII, p. 1092 MAGISTRETTI, MARCO. — Liturgist and historian, born in Milan on 19 July 1862. Ordained a priest in 1884, he became prefect and master of the Sacred Ceremonies…
Magliabechi, AntonioVol. VII, p. 1092 MAGLIABECHI, ANTONIO. - Scholar and bibliophile, born in Firenze on 28 Oct. 1633, died there on 27 June 1714. Having devoted himself to learned studies, he was…
MaglioneVol. VII, p. 1093 MAGLIONE. LUIGI. - Cardinal, b. at Casoria (Naples), 2 March 1877, d. there 22 Aug. 1944. Having completed his ecclesiastical studies and received priestly…
Magna Carta Libertatum(MAGNA CHARTA LIBERTATUM)Vol. VII, p. 1093 MAGNA CHARTA LIBERTATUM. — This name designates the foundational act of English constitutional life, issued by King Giovanni Senza Terra on 19 June 1215 at the…
Magna MaterVol. VII, p. 1094 MAGNA MATER: v. CIBELE.
Magnae Deus PotentiaeVol. VII, p. 1094 « MAGNAE DEUS POTENTIAE ». — Hymn at Vespers on Thursday, belonging to the group of Anglo-Saxon Irish provenance, which first appears in the eighth century…
Magnan, DominiqueVol. VII, p. 1094 MAGNAN, DOMINIQUE. - Minims religious, archaeologist, and numismatist, b. at Reillanne, in Provence, 29 May 1731, d. at Florence, 7 Sept. 1796. In his Order he…
Magnanimity(MAGNANIMITÀ)Vol. VII, p. 1094 MAGNANIMITY. - Usually denotes greatness of soul and nobility of character. Within the framework of the virtues, it is the generous disposition to accomplish…
Magnasco, Alessandro detto Il LissandrinoVol. VII, p. 1094 MAGNASCO, ALESSANDRO, known as il LISSANDRINO. — Painter, born in Genoa in 1667, died there on 12 March 1749, one of the most original figures of the Baroque…
Magnentius (Flavius Magnus Magnentius), Roman Emperor(MAGNENZIO (FLAVIUS MAGNUS MAGNENTIUS) IMPERATORE ROMANO)Vol. VII, p. 1095 MAGNENTIUS (Flavius Magnus Magnentius), ROMAN EMPEROR. — Of barbarian, probably Germanic, origin, having risen to high rank in the army, he was induced by the…
Magnetism(MAGNETISMO)Vol. VII, p. 1096 MAGNETISMO. — From remote antiquity it was observed that certain iron minerals possess the singular property that pieces of them, when brought near one…
Magni, Valeriano (da Milano)Vol. VII, p. 1096 MAGNI, VALERIANO (da MILANO). — Capuchin, born in Milan on 15 October 1586, died in Salzburg on 29 July 1661. Received into the Order by s. Lorenzo da Brindisi…
MagnificatVol. VII, p. 1097 «MAGNIFICAT». — Canticle of praise to God uttered by the Virgin Mary during her visit to Elisabeth (v.), who, inspired, had greeted her as the mother of God…
Magnificence(MAGNIFICENZA)Vol. VII, p. 1097 MAGNIFICENZA. — Magnificenza, or munificence, denotes splendor in spending and giving. As a special virtue, magnificenza consists in the disposition of the…
Magnus of Fabrateria, Saint(MAGNO DI FABRATERIA, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 1097 MAGNO di FABRATERIA, saint. - He is commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on 19 Aug., as a martyr of Fabriteria vetus, today Ceccano, where in antiquity…
Magnus of Sens(MAGNO DI SENS)Vol. VII, p. 1097 MAGNO of SENS. — Archbishop and theologian, b. in the second half of the 8th century, d. at Sens in 818. Having come to Rome with Charlemagne, he was…
Magri (Latin: Macer, Macri), Domenico(MAGRI (LAT. MACER, MACRI), DOMENICO)Vol. VII, p. 1098 MAGRI (lat. Macer, Macri), DOMENICO. — Theologian and exegete of the Oratory, born at La Valletta (Malta) on 28 March 1604, died on 4 March 1672. He studied at…
Magri, PietroVol. VII, p. 1099 MAGRI, PIETRO. - Priest and musician, b. at Vigarano Mainarda in 1873, d. at Oropa on 24 July 1937. He studied at the Seminary of Faenza, where he was ordained…
Magyars(MAGIARI)Vol. VII, p. 1091 MAGIARI. – An eastern people who, at the end of the ninth century, settled in the country that took from them the name Magyarország, or Hungary. Historians and…
Mahabharata(MAHĀBHĀRATA)Vol. VII, p. 1099 MAHĀBHĀRATA. – The M., “the great epic of the Bharatiḍi,” is not only the longest epic poem in world literature, but also an encyclopedia of Hinduism (v.).…
Mahanaim (Hebrew "Two Armies" or "Two Camps")(MAHANĀIM (EBR. « DUE SCHIERE » O « DUE ACCAMPAMENTI »))Vol. VII, p. 1099 MAHANĀIM (Heb. “two companies” or “two camps”). - A locality in Jordan. The name was given by Jacob when, on his return journey from Laban, before reaching the…
Mahavira(MAHÀVIRA)Vol. VII, p. 1100 MAHÀVIRA. — M., “Great Hero,” is the title given by his fellow believers to Vardhamàna, regarded as the founder of Jainism (v.), although he was merely the…
MahdiVol. VII, p. 1100 MAHDI. – As a religious concept, v. ISLÂM; for the leader of the anti-English revolution in Egypt, v. EGITTO.
Mahzor (Mahazor)(MAHZÔR (MAHÂZÔR))Vol. VII, p. 1100 MAHZÔR (MAHÂZÔR). - Synagogal ritual for the annual feasts (literally “cycle,” from hâzar, “to return periodically,” originally an astronomical term); in the…
Mai, AngeloVol. VII, p. 1100 MAI, ANGELO. — Cardinal, paleographer, b. at Schilpario (Bergamo) on 7 March 1782, d. at Albano on 9 Sept. 1854. He entered the Society of Jesus at Colorno…
Maier, AdalbertVol. VII, p. 1100 MAIER, ADALBERT. - Catholic exegete, b. at Villingen (Baden) on Apr. 26, 1811, d. at Freiburg im Br. on July 29, 1889. From 1840 he taught New Testament…
Maier, HeinrichVol. VII, p. 1101 MAIER, HEINRICH. – Philosopher, born in Heidenheim (Württemberg) on 5 February 1867, died in Berlin on 28 November 1933. Having graduated in philosophy at…
Maignan, EmmanuelVol. VII, p. 1101 MAIGNAN, EMMANUEL. – Scientist, philosopher, and theologian, b. in Tolosa on 17 July 1601, d. there on 29 October 1676. At the age of eighteen he entered the…
Maigrot, CharlesVol. VII, p. 1101 MAIGROT, CHARLES. — Born in Paris in 1652, died in Rome on 28 February 1730. Ordained a priest in 1676 and awarded a doctorate at the Sorbonne in 1678, he…
Maillard, OlivierVol. VII, p. 1101 MAILLARD, OLIVIER. - Franciscan, born at Juigné, in Brittany, ca. 1430; died at Toulouse on 22 July 1502. He took the habit in the Observant vicariate of…
Maillé, Jeanne-Marie de, Blessed(MAILLÉ, JEANNE-MARIE DE, BEATA)Vol. VII, p. 1102 MAILLÉ, JEANNE-MARIE de, blessed. - A most virtuous French lady, Franciscan tertiary, born at the castle of Roche-St-Quentin (Touraine) on 14 April 1332, died…
Maimbourg, LouisVol. VII, p. 1102 MAIMBOURG, LOUIS. — Jesuit, preacher, and historiographer, b. at Nancy on 10 January 1610, d. in Paris on 13 August 1686. After sixteen years of literary…
Maimon, SalomonVol. VII, p. 1102 MAIMON, SALOMON. — Philosopher, born at Neschwitz (Lithuania) in 1754, died at Nieder-Siegersdorf (Liegnitz, southern Silesia) on 22 November 1800. His…
Maimonides (Mosheh ben Maimon)(MAIMONIDE (MÖŠEH BEN MAJMÖN))Vol. VII, p. 1102 MAIMONIDE (Möšeh ben Majmön). — Rabbi and philosopher, known by the abbreviation Rambam (R.M. B.M.), born on the eve of the Jewish Passover (30 March) 1135 in…
Mainardi, AgostinoVol. VII, p. 1105 MAINARDI, AGOSTINO. — An Augustinian who went over to the «Reformation» and subsequently became pastor at Chiavenna, in the Grisons, born in 1482 at Caraglio…
Mainardi, ArlottoVol. VII, p. 1105 MAINARDI, ARLOTTO. - Called “il Piovano,” because he was incumbent of the parish church of S. Cresci ai Maciuoli, where he was born in 1396; he died in Firenze…
Maine de Biran, François-PierreVol. VII, p. 1106 MAINE DE BIRAN, FRANÇOIS-PIERRE. – Philosopher and statesman, b. at Bergerac on 29 November 1776, d. in Paris on 22 July 1824. A nobleman and opponent of the…
Maintenon, Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de(MAINTENON, FRANÇOISE D'AUBIGNÉ, MARCHESA DI)Vol. VII, p. 1106 MAINTENON, FRANÇOISE D'AUBIGNÉ, Marquise de. - Favorite and (from 1684) morganatic wife (from Coiret, La littérature religieuse de François de Sales à Fénelon,…
Mainz on the Rhine, Diocese of(MAGONZA SUL RENO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1097 MAGONZA SUL RENO, Diocese of. — Diocese and capital city of the Land of Rhineland-Palatinate, opposite the mouths of the Main. On an area of 7,692 sq. km., it…
Maioli, Tommaso(MAIOLI, TOMASO)Vol. VII, p. 1107 MAIOLI, TOMASO. - Italianized name of the bibliophile Thomas Mahieu, secretary to Caterina de' Medici from 1549 to 1560, who died around 1572 and concerning…
Maiolo, Saint(MAIOLO, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 1110 MAIOLO, saint. - Abbot of Cluny, born at Valensolle or at Avignone about 906, died at Souvigny on 11 May 994. He governed the abbey for 40 years, from 954 to…
Maior, PetruVol. VII, p. 1110 MAIOR, PETRU. - Romanian Catholic (United) priest, b. in 1754, the third of the 3 great masters and luminaries (Lucifers) who founded the Latinist “school” of…
Maistre, François-Xavier deVol. VII, p. 1111 MAISTRE, FRANÇOIS-XAVIER de. — Savoyard writer, brother of Giuseppe, born at Chambéry on 8 November 1763 into a noble family of magistrates with legitimist and…
Maistre, Joseph deVol. VII, p. 1112 MAISTRE, JOSEPH de. - Thinker, polemicist, and writer, born at Chambéry on 1 April 1753, died at Torino on 26 February 1821. Educated in the “ancient severity”…
Maitani, LorenzoVol. VII, p. 1113 MAITANI, LORENZO. – Sienese architect and sculptor, son of the sculptor Vitale di Lorenzo; the date of M.’s birth is unknown, though it may be placed around…
Maitland, Diocese of(MAITLAND, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1113 MAITLAND, DIOCESE of. - In the eastern part of the State of New South Wales (Australia), erected on 25 June 1874 as a suffragan of Sydney. The erection was…
Maius Coemeterium (Cimitero Maggiore)(MAJUS COEMETERIUM (CIMITERO MAGGIORE))Vol. VII, p. 1114 MAJUS COEMETERIUM (CIMITERO MAGGIORE). — So called because it is the largest Christian cemetery on the Via Nomentana. The present entrance is on the Via…
Majolica(MAIOLICA)Vol. VII, p. 1107 MAIOLICA. — This is a variety of ceramic ware (v.), consisting of a clay-based mixture that fires to a color ranging from red to flesh-pink. Its products,…
Major Forester of the Vatican(FORIERE MAGGIORE VATICANO)Vol. V, p. 900 FORIERE MAGGIORE VATICANO: v. FAMIGLIA PONTIFICIA.
Majorca (Mallorca), Diocese of(MAIORCA (MALLORCA), DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1110 MAIORCA (MALLORCA), DIOCESE of. – It encompasses the island of this name and that of Cabrera in the Balearic Islands (Spain). In 1851 the see of Iviza was…
Majordomo of His Holiness(MAGGIORDOMO DI SUA SANTITÀ)Vol. VII, p. 1084 MAGGIORDOMO DI SUA SANTITÀ. — He is the first of the palatine prelates and supervises the Apostolic Palaces. It was Alessandro V (1410) who created the new…
Majunga, Apostolic Vicariate of(MAJUNGA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VII, p. 1114 MAJUNGA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO di. — In the northeastern part of Madagascar, erected on 15 March 1923 with territory detached from the Apostolic Vicariate of…
Majuscule, Script(MAIUSCOLA, SCRITTURA)Vol. VII, p. 1113 MAJUSCULE WRITING. - The term m., in its proper sense, does not denote a particular script, but should be understood, as an adjective, as referring to all…
Makarska, Diocese of(MACARSCA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1042 MACARSCA, DIOCESI di: v. SPALATO, DIOCESI di.
Makassar, Apostolic Vicariate of(MAKASSAR, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VII, p. 1115 MAKASSAR, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO di. - Nella parte meridionale dell'isola di Celebes (Indonesia) eretta in prefettura apostolica il 13 apr. 1937 per di- MAJUNGA…
Makhpelah ("Double Thing")(MAKHPĒLĀH (= « COSA DUPLICE »))Vol. VII, p. 1115 MAKHPĒLĀH (= “a double thing”). - A tract of land with trees and a cave, situated opposite Mambre and specifically at Hebron (v.). It belonged to Ephron the…
Mal'tsev, Aleksej PetrovičVol. VII, p. 1146 MAL'TSEV, ALEKSEJ PETROVIČ. – Russian liturgical theologian and archpriest. Born in 1854, died in 1915. Master of theology of the Ecclesiastical Academy of…
Malabar Rites(MALABARICI RITI)Vol. VII, p. 1117 MALABARICI RITI: V. RITI MALABARICI.
MalabaresiVol. VII, p. 1116 MALABARESI. — This is the name given to the Christians of the East-Syrian rite inhabiting the southwestern coast of India known as Malabar, situated in the…
Malacca, Diocese of(MALACCA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1117 MALACCA, DIOCESE of. - It comprises the entire peninsula of the same name and has an area of 134,737 sq. km. Politically it is under English influence and…
Malachi(MALACHIA)Vol. VII, p. 1117 MALACHIA. – Prophet, the last in the canon of the Old Testament, and therefore called the “seal of the prophets.” He prophesied after the Exile, during the…
Malachy, Saint(MALACHIA, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 1118 MALACHIA, saint — Beginning of the prophecies of the pseudo-M. according to the 1595 edition of Venice; the continuation will be found on plate cxxv. 14–15,…
Malafossa, GiacomoVol. VII, p. 1119 MALAFOSSA, GIACOMO. - Philosopher and theologian of the Conventual Franciscan Order (also called Giacomo and Giacomino Bargius), born in Barge (Cuneo) c. 1480,…
Malagrida, GabrieleVol. VII, p. 1120 MALAGRIDA, GABRIELE. — Jesuit, missionary, born at Menaggio (Como) on 5 December 1689, died at the stake in Lisbon on 21 September 1761. He worked tirelessly…
Malakal, Apostolic Prefecture of(MALAKAL, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VII, p. 1120 MALAKAL, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE.—In the southern part of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, erected on 10 January 1933 under the name of Kodok, with territory detached…
Malalas, John (Syriac Malalā = 'Rhetor')(GIOVANNI MALALAS (SIRIACO MALALĀ = «RETORE»))Vol. VI, p. 359 GIOVANNI MALALAS (Syriac malalā = “rhetorician”). - He wrote in the sixth century a Chronography that exerted great influence on Byzantine historiography.…
MalaleelVol. VII, p. 1123 MALALEEL. – Patriarch mentioned in Gen. 5:12–13 and represented in one of the medallions of the cycle of patriarchs painted on the walls of the central nave of…
Malang, Apostolic Vicariate of(MALANG, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VII, p. 1123 MALANG, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — In the far eastern part of Java (Indonesia), it comprises three civil districts: Pasuruan, Bosuki, and the adjacent island of…
MalankaresiVol. VII, p. 1123 MALANKARESI. — The word is in itself synonymous with malabaresi, but it is used to designate the Catholics of the Western-Syrian rite on the Malabar coast, in…
MalariaVol. VII, p. 1124 MALARIA. — The generic term malaria denotes a group of infections in humans and animals caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. SUMMARY: I. Historical and…
Malaspina, Alessandro di MulazzoVol. VII, p. 1126 MALASPINA, ALESSANDRO di MULAZZO. — Navigator, born in 1754 at Mulazzo in Lunigiana, he entered the service of the Spanish navy and, after a visit to the…
Malatesta, Family(MALATESTA, FAMIGLIA)Vol. VII, p. 1126 MALATESTA, FAMIGLIA. — The oldest document concerning the M. dates from 1136 and records a purchase of property made by a M. In 1197 GIANNI di M. and other…
Malatesta, OnofrioVol. VII, p. 1127 MALATESTA, ONOFRIO. - Theologian of the Order of Minims, b. at Palermo on 8 Sept. 1665, d. at Rome on 7 Jan. 1749. He entered religious life at the age of…
Malaval, FrançoisVol. VII, p. 1128 MALAVAL, FRANÇOIS. - Quietist, b. at Marseille on 16 Dec. 1627, d. there on 15 May 1719. He owes his fame to the Pratique facile pour élever l'âme à la…
MalchioneVol. VII, p. 1128 MALCHIONE. — According to Eusebius (Hist. eccl., VII, 29, 2), he was head of the school of Greek rhetoric and grammar at Antioch. Eusebius’s explicit…
Malchus (Mellyoc, Malchus, from Semitic Malk = "King")(MALCO (MÉLLYOC, MALCHUS, DAL SEMITICO MALK = «RE»))Vol. VII, p. 1128 MALCO (Méllyoc, Malchus, from the Semitic malk = “king”). — Servant of the high priest Caiaphas (v.). Having gone to the Garden of Olives to arrest Jesus, he…
Malchus, Saint(MALCO, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 1128 MALCO, santo. - He is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on Oct. 21, but the true dies natalis is unknown; it does not appear that he had a cult in…
Malczewski, Jacek (Malezewski, Giacinto)Vol. VII, p. 1129 MALCZEWSKI, JACEK (MALEZEWSKI, GIACINTO). - Polish painter, b. at Radom in 1854, d. at Cracovia in 1929. He studied at Cracovia, Paris, and finally Munich,…
Maldonado (Maldonatus), GiovanniVol. VII, p. 1129 MALDONADO (Maldonatus), GIOVANNI. — One of the founders of modern exegesis, born at Casas de la Reina (Estremadura) in 1533, died in Rome on 5 January 1583. At…
MaleVol. VII, p. 1129 EVIL. — It is whatever is contrary to the good (v.) and perfection of something: « Hoe est esse mali quod est privatio boni » (Sum. Theol., 1ᵃ, q. 14, a. 10).…
Malebranche, NicolasVol. VII, p. 1131 MALEBRANCHE, NICOLAS. – Theologian, philosopher, and scientist, born in Paris on 6 August 1638, died there on 13 October 1715. In 1660 he entered the Oratory…
Maleficence(MALEFICIO)Vol. VII, p. 1133 MALEFICIO: v. MAGIA; MALOCCHIO.
Malermi (Malerbi, Manebri), NiccolòVol. VII, p. 1133 MALERMI (MALERBI, MANEBRI), NICCOLÒ. - Camaldolese, born about 1422, died in Venice in 1481. He was abbot of S. Michele di Lemo, S. Mattia, and S. Michele di…
Malespini, CelioVol. VII, p. 1134 MALESPINI, CELIO. — Man of letters, born in Venice in 1531, died there around 1610. A descendant—if he did not falsify this as well—of the M. of Lunigiana. A…
Malesé, Federation of(MALESE, FEDERAZIONE)Vol. VII, p. 1133 MALAYAN FEDERATION. — Replaced, as of 1 February 1948, the Malayan Union, proclaimed on 1 April 1946 and formed from the same British possessions and…
Malewansky, Silvestro(MALEVANSKY, SILVESTRO)Vol. VII, p. 1134 MALEVANSKY, SILVESTRO. – Russian bishop and theologian, born in 1828, died in 1908. After having been rector of the Academy of Kiev, in 1885 he was appointed…
Malherbe, François deVol. VII, p. 1135 MALHERBE, FRANÇOIS de. — Poet and grammarian, born at Caen in 1555, died at Paris on 16 October 1628. His father and four of his brothers were Protestants; he…
Malikite Rite(MÀLIKITA, RITO)Vol. VII, p. 1135 MÀLIKITE, RITE. - One of the four schools, or systems or rites of orthodox Islam. Its founder is the imām or Medinan scholar Màlik ibn Anas, born around 710…
Malinovskij, Nikolaj Platonovič(MALINOVSKIJ, NIKOLAJ PLATONOVÍČ)Vol. VII, p. 1141 MALINOVSKIJ, NIKOLAJ PLATONOVIČ. - Russian theologian, son of a priest, d. 28 January (Old Style) 1917 in the diocese of Vologda, where he was born. From 1885…
Mallinckrodt, Hermann vonVol. VII, p. 1141 MALLINCKRODT, HERMANN von. - German politician, b. 5 Feb. 1821 at Minden (Westphalia), d. 26 May 1874 at Berlin. His father was Protestant, his mother…
Mallinckrodt, Pauline vonVol. VII, p. 1141 MALLINCKRODT, PAULINE von. - Foundress of the Sisters of Christian Charity, born at Minden (Westphalia) on 3 June 1817, died at Paderborn on 30 April 1881.…
Mallon, AlexisVol. VII, p. 1142 MALLON, ALEXIS. - Jesuit, orientalist, and biblical scholar, b. at La Chapelle-Bertin (Haute-Loire), France, on 8 May 1875, d. at Jerusalem on 7 Apr. 1933. He…
MalmesburyVol. VII, p. 1142 MALMESBURY. - Corrupted designation of the Benedictine abbey of Maidulfsburg in Wiltshire, England. It was founded in 669 by Adelmo, nephew of King Ina and…
Malmignati, GiulioVol. VII, p. 1142 MALMIGNATI, GIULIO. - Man of letters and politician, born at Lendinara into a noble family toward the end of the 16th century, died about the middle of the…
Malou, Jean-BaptisteVol. VII, p. 1143 MALOU, JEAN-BAPTISTE. – Belgian theologian and bishop, born in Ypres on 30 June 1809, died in Bruges on 23 March 1864. A student at the Academy of Noble…
MaltaVol. VII, p. 1143 MALTA. – I. GEOGRAPHY. – The M. Archipelago, which rises on a submarine platform joined to Sicily, from which it is 90 km distant, consists of the island of…
Malthus, Thomas RobertVol. VII, p. 1146 MALTHUS, THOMAS ROBERT. — English economist, born at Roockerry (Surrey) on 17 February 1766, died at S. Caterina (Both) on 29 December 1834. Following lengthy…
Malvenda, TomásVol. VII, p. 1146 MALVENDA, TOMÁS. – Dominican exegete and philologist, born at Játiva near Valenza in May 1566, died at Valenza on 7 May 1628. He made his profession in the…
Malvestiti, MaurizioVol. VII, p. 1147 MALVESTITI, MAURIZIO. - Franciscan, born at Verolanuova (Brescia) on 17 Feb. 1778, died at Brescia on 25 March 1865. Having entered the Franciscan Order in…
