MACKINTOSH, JAMES. - English politician and thinker, b. at Aldourie (Scotland) on 24 Sept. 1765, d. in London on 3 May 1832.
MALMESBURY (v.) SMITH, ADAM (v.), and a follower of Hartley’associationism (v.), he made a particular application of it to morality in the work A general view of the progress of ethical philosophy, first published in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (London 1830) and subsequently reissued (4th ed., 1872) and translated into French (1834). M. defended the ideas of liberty coming from France in Vindiciae Gallicae, or defence of the French Revolution (London 1791), written against Burke’s Reflections on the French Revolution. His History of the Revolution in England (ibid. 1688) was published posthumously (London 1834).
BIBL.: V. life, writings and speeches, prefixed to the History of Revol.; R. I. Mackintosh, Biography, 2 vols., London 1836. Michele Federico Sciacca