RUVENZORI, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of — 11 flowery plateau of Buamba.
A vigilant rosette, radiating like lacework, adorned with a fine central triforium and terminating in three lower portals. Even here, nothing is finished: the superarches and columns attached without any structural function are the remnants of a portico never built. In its place, the artists constructed an elegant prothyrum with styloforic lions, griffins, and telamons, which admirably complete the richest decoration of the main portal, where, amidst ornaments, symbols of the Apocalypse and the New Testament, a fantastic figurative repertoire is represented in a singular manner. Inside, the forms live in absurd contrasts, from the most diverse capitals to the pointed arches and unequal bases. Everything is unfinished: the long pilasters between the large arches filled with a matroneum never built, the balcony supported by large ornate corbels, the crossing interrupted at the imposts of the great arches that would have supported a dome. The cathedral of R. began Romanesque and ended up incorporating Gothic elements; it was conceived by the spirit of indigenous craftsmen and infused with northern and eastern fixtures. It is not known when it was begun, but a date is marked in a tribune of the rosette: 1237. Whoever said that a Swabian completed it was right: it was Frederick II of Swabia.
The bell tower beside it, originally a defensive observation tower, later transformed into a prison and finally into a bell tower, may be anterior to the year 1000. Of the other churches, that of S. Angelo survives only in the eighteenth-century remodellings of its original basilican form. Some arches remain in the Romanesque church of S. Luca; a few vestiges in the thirteenth-century S. Lucia; and only surviving walls in the small church of the Cappuccini. The crypt of the church of the Purgatorio is nothing more than a remnant of a Roman thermal hall.
BIBL.: Ughelli, VII, pp. 762-68; Moroni, LIX, pp. 345-48; Gams, pp. 918-19; Lanzoni, I, p. 291 e spec. 303-304; Ubel, I, p. 426; II, 226; III, 287; S. Fenicia, Monografia di R. di Magna Grecia, Napoli 1857, pp. 31-45; S. Quagliarella, Monografia di R. apula, Napoli 1861, pp. 61-69; E. Bernik, La cattedrale e i monumenti di R. Bari 1901; A. Avena, Monumenti della merid., Roma 1902, pp. 117-37; E. Bertaux, L'art dans l'Italie merid., V, Parigi 1904, pp. 653-664; 664-665; 666-667; 666-667; 667-668; 668-669; 669-670; 670-671; 671-672; 672-673; 673-674; 674-675; 675-676; 676-677; 677-678; 678-679; 679-680; 680-681; 681-682; 682-683; 683-684; 684-685; 685-686; 686-687; 687-688; 688-689; 689-690; 690-691; 691-692; 692-693; 693-694; 694-695; 695-696; 696-697; 697-698; 698-699; 699-700; 700-701; 701-702; 702-703; 703-704; 704-705; 705-706; 706-707; 707-708; 708-709; 709-710; 710-711; 711-712; 712-713; 713-714; 714-715; 715-716; 716-717; 717-718; 718-719; 719-720; 720-721; 721-722; 722-723; 723-724; 724-725; 725-726; 726-727; 727-728; 728-729; 729-730; 730-731; 731-732; 732-733; 733-734; 734-735; 735-736; 736-737; 737-738; 738-739; 739-740; 740-741; 741-742; 742-743; 743-744; 744-745; 745-746; 746-747; 747-748; 748-749; 749-750; 750-751; 751-752; 752-753; 753-754; 754-755; 755-756; 756-757; 757-758; 758-759; 759-760; 760-761; 761-762; 762-763; 763-764; 764-765; 765-766; 766-767; 767-768; 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viglioso rosone a raggiera trapunto come trine, con la bella trifora centrale e termina nei tre portali in basso. Anche qui nulla è compiuto: i soprarchi e le colonne addo
trucidato dai tedeschi nel 1941, nel campo di concentramento di Oświęcim (Auschwitz).
The *C. dell’I.* was conceived by its founder as a monthly illustrated magazine to spread devotion and the cult of the Immaculate Conception. It was published in Polish at Niepokalanów (= City of the Immaculate, 42 km from Warsaw) from 1927 to 1939; it was suspended by the German authorities during the war. During a missionary journey to Japan, Fr. Kolbe also established a Japanese edition of the *C. dell’I.* in Nagasaki in 1930, under the title *Mungenzai Ne Sono*.
BIBL.: A. Ricciardi, *L’Eroe di Oświęcim*, Rome 1947, with bibliography.