ABBEYS AND MONASTERIES. — The territory of the diocese of A., together with that of the suppressed dioceses incorporated into it, was extraordinarily rich in Benedictine cloisters.
At A., S. Lorenzo (later called della S.ma Trinità), founded by that same doge or duke Mansone III, to whom the elevation of the see to an archbishopric and the enlargement of the cathedral were due; S. Basilio, founded in the 11th century; S. Elena and S. Nicola in Campo, all for women; at Pogerola, that of S. Sebastiano; at Atrani, those of S. Maria de Fontanella, S. Michele Arcangelo, and S. Tommaso apostolo; at Scala, those dedicated to ss. Benedetto and Scolastica and to s. Cataldo; at Ravello, the S.ma Trinità; at Minori, S. Lucia. Almost all date back to the 9th–11th centuries and were suppressed, for the most part, between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries, because of the decline in the number of nuns, a consequence of the decline of the city and the surrounding area. The same occurred with the male Benedictine monasteries: at Atrani, SS. Ciriaco and Giuditta (970); at Scala, S. Maria de Aqua bona and SS. Giuliano and Marciano (both from the 9th century); at Positano, S. Maria and S. Vito (10th century); at Ravello, S. Trifone and S. Maria di Castiglione (10th century). But the largest monastery, and one of the most distinguished buildings in A., is the cloister of S. Pietro de Tozcolo or in Canonica, Cistercian in origin (1212), later transferred to the Capuchins (1583), and which has now shared the common fate, becoming a hotel. Near Maiori, too, the Cistercians had another cloister of their own: S. Maria de Vittela and, near Scala, S. Elena. In A., S. Maria degli Angeli belonged to the Conventuals; it was founded by s. Francesco in 1220. Finally, at Ravello, there was a convent of Poor Clares, in addition to other smaller cloisters, especially Benedictine ones, in the region.
MONUMENTS. - Arab-Sicilian architecture, imported from Sicily during Norman rule and devel-
