Enciclopedia Cattolica

ABBREVIATIONI LAPIDARIE

Lapidary Abbreviations

Volume I · p. 54 · 1948

English translation · Testo originale italiano

Machine translation of the 1948–1954 Italian original. The original text is authoritative.

ABBREVIATIONS ON STONEWORK — 1) Bolsena, inscription on the reliquary of St Christina: i(c) r(e)g(u)es(ci) c(er)p(us) b(e)at(ae) X(ristinae) m(artyris). 2) Inscription of Vibius Fimus from the year 250, in Callisto: Vibius Fimus reddidit VII kal(endas) sep(tembres) Di(o)c(etiano) IIII et Max(imiano) co(n)sl(ulibus). 3) Coin of the emperor Constantius II: d(ominus) n(oster) Constantius p(ius) f(elix) Aug(ustus). — felix temp(orum) reparatio. — Tr(everis). 4) Stamp on a tile: X(quat)o) M(ox)o) P(ap)o)o) I: Kao(ov)o) M(ax)o)v) M(ax)o)v) M(ax)o)v) M(ax)o)v) M(ax)o)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)o)v) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) M(ox)ov) 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Article illustration
Abbreviations, lapidary — 1) Bolsena, Inscription of the reliquary of St. Christina: (ic) r(ei)plu(s)c(il) c(ar)plus) b(elast)ae) X(ristinae) m(art)rris). 2) Inscription of Vibius Pimus of the year 200, in Callisto: Vibiu(s) Pimus r(eddidil) VII hallendas) sept(midres) D(s)pl(est)ane) III

| T A B E L L A I | 17. ECTI: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
| 1. A' - - : ΔΙΛ = ΔΑΛΑ; ΠΟΛΙΚ = ΠΟΛΙΚΗΣ; ΠΑΓ = ΠΑΓΓΑ; ΚΡΙ, ΚΡΙ', ΚΡΙ'' = ΚΡΙΤΑ.
| 2. ΑΙ: Κ' = ΚΑΙ; -Ρ = -ΤΑΙ; ΔΟΔΟΧ = ΔΙΔΟΧΑΙ.
| 3. ΑΙC: 3' = ΤΑΙΤΣ; ΚΡΙ' = ΚΡΙΕ (ΚΑΙ)ΑΙΤΣ.
| 4. ΑΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
| 5. ΑΠΟ: ΔΥ = ΔΥ; ΚΡΙ = ΚΡΙΤΑ = ΔΑΠΟ ΤΡΙΤΣ
| 6. ΑΡΑ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
| 7. ΑC: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
8. ΓΑΡ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
9. ΔΙ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
10. ΔΙΑ: ΔΑΔΑ
11. Ε: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
12. ΕΙΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
13. ΕΙC: SS
14. ΕΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
15. ΕΠΙ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
16. ΕC: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
17. ΕΤΙ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
18. ΗΓΟΥΝ: ΗΓΟΥΝ = ΗΓΟΥΝ
19. Ι: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
20. ΙΝΑ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
21. ΚΑΙ: ΚΑΙ = ΚΑΙ
22. ΚΑΤΑ: ΚΑΤΑ = ΚΑΤΑ
23. ΟΙC: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
24. ΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
25. ΟC: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
26. ΟΤΙ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
27. ΟΥ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
28. ΟΥΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
29. ΟΥC: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
30. ΠΡΟ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
31. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
32. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
33. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
34. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
35. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
36. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
37. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
38. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
39. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
40. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
41. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
42. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
43. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
44. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
45. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
46. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
47. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
48. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
49. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
50. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
51. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
52. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
53. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
54. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
55. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
56. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
57. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
58. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
59. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
60. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
61. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
62. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
63. ΜΟΝ: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
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Article illustration
| T A B L E | II | T A B L E | III |

| Κέ = Κεφάλαιον | ξ, ζ' = number, numbers |
| Θ = σημεῖωσαι, σημεῖωτέον | ᾧ ᾧ = ἀεουεα |
| Φαί = φασί | ᾧ = ἀστή |
| Φαί = φησί | ᾧ = δεαχμή |
| Κτ' = κατὰ | ᾧ = ἔτος, ἔτους, ἐτῶν |
| Χέ = λέγειν | ᾧ = ἡλιος |
| Τ = τεόπος | ᾧ = ἡμέρα |
| ἅ = λόγος | ᾧ = νύξ |
| Θ = ὅσιος | ᾧ = κόσμος |
| ᾧ = πόνος | ᾧ = κύκλος |
| σ' = Σεβαστός | ᾧ = λαβύρινθος |
| τ' = τυπικόν | —, —, — = obol |
| ἤ = πεός | = diobol |
| ᾧ = Χεόνος, Χειστός | ᾧ = τειώβολον |
| Φ = ὡρα, ὡραῖον | ᾧ = τετρωβολον |
| παίδα = παῖδες | ᾧ = πεντώβολον |
| στίχι = στίχοι | ᾧ = ὀνομά |
| φάλαιοί = φλάουλοι | ᾧ = ὀφθαλμοί |
| ἀπή = ἀποστόλων | ᾧ = ὁπλήν |
| μάθηταί = μαθηταί | ᾧ = λατον |
| μάστιες = μάστιες | ᾧ = τείχωνο |
| νομίσματα = νομίσματα | ᾧ = τείχωνο |

(see Ec. Cat.)

Averenian Paleographies GREEK - Table II: Examples of characteristics of a. for suspension or truncation. Reproduction of some monograms typical of paleographic use. Examples of a. to indicate plurals. - Table III: Reproduction of some of the most frequent or most characteristic symbols.

| TABLE I | e' = sed | 8) 7 = et |
| 1) q. = que (more rarely quale) | t' = -tur | 7 = etiam |
| quib. = quibus | ô' = -dem (dum) | ôeb7 = debet |
| nob. = nobis | 4) atq. = atque | 7 = licet |
| id. = idem (or also idus) | neq. = neque | 3 = cum (con-) |
| fcrpifim = scripsimus | q'd = quid | 3 = contra |
| n. = enim | quib. = quibus | otta = continentia |
| f. = scilicet | uq; = usque | cir = circum |
| e. = est | quod; = quodque | ? = -us |
| c. = caput | mf; = mensis | tite = titulus |
| h = hoc | omnib; = omnibus | legim = legimus |
| û = ut | ûnq; = quinque | p' = post |
| 2) n = non | hab3 = habet | h' = huius |
| û = est | l3 = licet | T A B L E II |
| ûn = anno (anni) | na3 = nam | 5) û = die |
| nat = natus | o3 = oportet | 5) û = die |
| lib = liber | qlq3 = quisque | 5) û = die |
| pon = pontifices | ca3 = causam | 5) û = die |
| qm = quoniam | 5) û = die | 5) û = die |
| nr = noster | d = dixi | 5) û = die |
| tpe = tempore | û = autem | 5) û = die |
| aa = anima | l = legitur | 5) û = die |
| ee = esse | oe = omnis | 5) û = die |
| eni = enim | fiat = frater | 5) û = die |
| cu = cum | tut = tutis | 5) û = die |
| codicio = condicione | inô = inlustrer | 5) û = die |
| iperu = imperium | û = erit | 5) û = die |
| nom = nomen | et = etiam | 5) û = die |
| mse = mense | doc = diocesis | 5) û = die |
| tam = ramen | eoy = eorum | 5) û = die |
| propter = propter | fcoq = sanctorum | 5) û = die |
| dux = dixit | 6) pra = terra | 5) û = die |
| aum = autem | ûu = brevi | 5) û = die |
| ocit = dicitur | ctic = clerici | 5) û = die |
| lib = liber | cdt = credunt | 5) û = die |
| t = vel | ûbu = verbum | 5) û = die |
| nob = nobis | fut = fuerit | 5) û = die |
| pp = propter | fint = fuerunt | 5) û = die |
| notu = notum | 7) dict = dicuntur | 5) û = die |
| nri = nostris | aq = agitur | 5) û = die |
| ao = actio | nulat = numeratur | 5) û = die |
| 3) p' = post | ceto = cetero | 5) û = die |
| c' = cum | qf = generis | 5) û = die |
| e' = eius | c'r'e = currere | 5) û = die |

| TABLE III | 5) = die |
| 5) = die | d = dixi |
| 5) = die | û = autem |
| 5) = die | l = legitur |
| 5) = die | oe = omnis |
| 5) = die | fiat = frater |
| 5) = die | tut = tutis |
| 5) = die | inô = inlustrer |
| 5) = die | û = erit |
| 5) = die | et = etiam |
| 5) = die | doc = diocesis |
| 5) = die | eoy = eorum |
| 5) = die | fcoq = sanctorum |
| 5) = die | aq = agitur |
| 5) = die | nulat = numeratur |
| 5) = die | ceto = cetero |
| 5) = die | qf = generis |
| 5) = die | c'r'e = currere |

| TABLE III | 5) = die |
| 5) = die | d = dixi |
| 5) = die | û = autem |
| 5) = die | l = legitur |
| 5) = die | oe = omnis |
| 5) = die | fiat = frater |
| 5) = die | tut = tutis |
| 5) = die | inô = inlustrer |
| 5) = die | û = erit |
| 5) = die | et = etiam |
| 5) = die | doc = diocesis |
| 5) = die | eoy = eorum |
| 5) = die | fcoq = sanctorum |
| 5) = die | aq = agitur |
| 5) = die | nulat = numeratur |
| 5) = die | ceto = cetero |
| 5) = die | qf = generis |
| 5) = die | c'r'e = currere |

| TABLE IV | 5) = eius |
| 5) = eius | n = enim |
| 5) = eius | h = autem |
| 5) = eius | o3 = contra |
| 5) = eius | = esse |
| 5) = eius | = est |
| 5) = eius | = id est |

(dis. Enc. Catt.)
Latin Paleographic Abbreviations — Table I: Examples of Latin paleographic abbreviations classified according to the abbreviation mark: (1. dot; 2. horizontal line; 3. apostrophe; 4. colon or semicolon; 5. oblique line; 6 and 7. wavy line;

8. tachygraphic signs)

Table II: Abbreviations characterized by a superscript letter. — Table III: Abbreviations of *p* and *q*. — Table IV: Irish signs used on the Continent.

two dots reach this line — (this sign, however, was formerly used to indicate the syllable —); hence it is simply expressed by the colon:

3) The abbreviation of aìs is the doubling of that of sì, of identical pronunciation.

8) The abbreviation of yàp is the combination of a ‘c’ with a reversed p.

12) The abbreviation sign for eìv was at first the same as that for nv or iv (which is distinguished only by having two dots above), two syllables phonetically corresponding; then, for distinction, the sign is found doubled or with the addition of a diagonal stroke; and finally indicated merely by two diagonal strokes from right to left.

13) The abbreviation sign for eìs is also the doubling of that for nìs or ìs (which, as in iv, has two dots for distinction).

15) The sign n is the cursive form of n.

16) The normal abbreviation for eìs is ò, but often two dots are added which tachygraphically indicated the n in the endings — te; so that the sign ò remains at the end, as the simple ò, to indicate only eìs.

17) A single diagonal stroke or between two dots meant èò; èòv was indicated by the abbreviation of iv variously deformed. The abbreviation of the plural eìsì is a doubling of that of the singular.

24) An oblique line from left to right is the abbreviation for ov; two of equal length or with the second shorter indicate the same ending with the grave accent.

27) The sign ò is a monogram resulting from the union of the two vowels.

30) A simple ã is frequently found as an abbreviation of pòp- or pòpo.
TABLE II. — We give separately a few other examples of abbreviations by the suspension system.

Some words were indicated by adding to the initial letter the most important among those omitted; or by inverting the order of the letters; or by a monogram (combination of the first two letters of a word). The plural was occasionally indicated by doubling the last expressed letter or by varying the repetition of the abbreviation.
TABLE III. — In papyri and manuscripts, moreover, one finds not only abbreviations, but also symbols, i.e., signs that replace an entire word. We list some of the many used.

BIBL.: G. Zereteli, *De Compendii scripturae codicum graecorum*, 2nd ed., St. Petersburg 1904, with 30 plates in phototype and an attached page of explanations for each plate of the abbreviations reproduced; E. M. Thompson, *Introduction to Greek and Latin Palaeography*, Oxford 1912, pp. 75–84; V. Gardthausen, *Griechische Palaeographie*, II, 2nd ed., Leipzig 1913, pp. 319–52. For the *nomina sacra*, L. Traube, *Nomina sacra* (*Quellen und Untersuchungen zur lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters*, 2), Munich 1907.

Mario Burzacchei
III. A. LATIN PALEOGRAPHIC. — In the Roman age and until the 4th and 5th centuries, literary or historical codices had very few abbreviations, derived, as is well known, from epigraphic usage.

One encounters the final endings -bus and -que, indicated respectively by B. and Q., and the final -m expressed by a small stroke placed high after a vowel or above it; indeed, at first the abbreviated final -m is found at the end of a line, and only by the 6th century does its use extend also to words within the lines. However, in codices of scientific content, such as juridical works, in which technical terms well known to the reader are repeated very frequently, the abbreviations were much more numerous, constituting a complex system (notae iuris); likewise, in Christian texts from the 4th–5th centuries onward, certain words of sacred meaning (nomina sacra) are regularly abbreviated.

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