Machine translation of the 1948–1954 Italian original. The original text is authoritative.
AGAUINO (Agaunum or Acaunum). — Today Saint-Maurice in Valais, a city of Tarnade (Tarnaiae or Tarnades of the Roman itineraries), capital of the Nantuates, situated on the shortest communication route between Italy and Germany via the Great St Bernard Pass (Mons Jovis) and Aosta.
St. Eucherius (d. 449), author of the *Passio sanctorum Mauricii ac sociorum eius martyrum* (Acta SS. Septembris, VI, Paris 1867, p. 343), recounts that St. Theodore, bishop of Octodurus (Martigny), to glorify the martyrs of the Theban Legion—Maurice (q.v.), Candidus, Exuperius, and Victor—had erected over their tombs a chapel with a single-sloping roof leaning against the rock; excavations have confirmed this account. At the end of the 5th century, we find there a hospice of which St. Severinus was abbot (BHL 7643-7646). To the same century belongs the small basilica with a polygonal apse adhering to the rock.
(from Serafini, *Monete e Bolla Pontifisio*) Agatho, pope — leaden bulla.
(Gob. Fois Nas.) Agatho, pope — Vault of the entrance corridor to the Sacro Speco (15th century) — Subiaco.
In 515, Sigismund, king of Burgundy, founded a great monastery near this basilica. The monks, at the initiative of St. Avitus, bishop of Vienne, began the practice of perpetual chant, the *laus perennis* (cf. M. Reymond, *La charte de saint Sigismond pour Saint-Maurice de l'Agauze* 515, in *Zeitschrift für Schweizerische Geschichte*, 6 [1926], pp. 1-60). A fragment of the epitaph of the first abbot, Innemodus, has been recovered. His successor, Ambrose (516-520), built a new two-apsed basilica (Acta SS. Novembris, I, Paris 1887, pp. 553-54), which was devastated by the Lombards in 574 and rebuilt on a larger scale around 580. Around the year 762, Abbot Vultcherius or Villicarius began work on a grand basilica, completed toward the end of the 8th century. It featured two opposing polygonal apses and two annular crypts with straight sides of the characteristic Roman type; the eastern crypt contained an arcosolium tomb for relics, still preserved today.
The Abbey of St. Maurice, situated above one of the most frequented medieval passes into Italy, became a residence for illustrious religious and military figures, especially after the House of Savoy succeeded the kings of Burgundy. For example, Pope Stephen III stayed there for a few days in 753. After being sacked around 940 by the Saracens, it was rebuilt by Abbot Burchard I in the first half of the 11th century. The basilica, damaged by fire, was restored and consecrated in 1148 by Pope Eugenius III. It suffered further fires in 1345 and 1560; rebuilt in 1571, it was ruined by the earthquake of 1611. It was reconstructed near the ruins but with a different orientation. Damaged by rockfalls in 1942, particularly the 11th-century bell tower, it is currently under reconstruction. Until the early 9th century, the sanctuary was served by monks, later replaced by canons, as evidenced by a bull of Eugenius I (824-827). In 1128, they adopted the Rule of St. Augustine. Often, the abbot of Agaunum was also bishop of Sion (q.V. CANONICI REGOLARI DI SANT'AGOSTINO. MAURIZIO DI AGAUNO).
Archaeological excavations begun in 1896 in the "Martolet" area have uncovered not only the remains of the aforementioned basilicas with their crypts but also the ruins of a large Merovingian cemetery, numerous epigraphic fragments including the epitaph of St. Vultcherius, and two baptisteries: the first appears to be identifiable with a structure near the rock-adhering basilica, while the second was discovered in February 1948 at the center of a square building near the present basilica.
Of great importance is the treasure held by the abbey; it is the most precious in all Switzerland for the artistic relics it contains, mostly gifts from distinguished visitors. Among these are: a sardonyx vase known as the vase of St. Martin; an 8th-century ewer of Byzantine goldsmith work with Eastern enamels, said to have been offered by Charlemagne; a reliquary casket donated by Presbyter Teudericus (8th century); two large Romanesque silver chests, one for St. Maurice and the other for St. Sigismund; a rich book-cover for an evangelary; and a silver bust of St. Candidus, among other items.
BIBL.: Acta SS.; M. Reymond, *La charte de saint Sigismond pour Saint-Maurice de l'Agauze* 515, in *Zeitschrift für Schweizerische Geschichte*, 6 (1926), pp. 1-60; Serafini, *Monete e Bolla Pontificali*.
BIBL.: E. Aubert, Trésor de l'abbaye de Saint-Maurice d'Agauze, 2 voll., Parigi 1872; P. Bourban, St-Maurice d'Agauze en Suisse et ses fouilles, in N. Bull. d'arch. crist., 4 (1898), pp. 194-208; 5 (1899), pp. 71, 76, 176-97; id., Les fouilles de St-Maurice, in Indicateur d'Antiquités suisses, 18 (1916), p. 269; 6 (1917), p. 252; 7 (1918), p. 23; 8 (1918), p. 23; 9 (1918), p. 23; 10 (1918), p. 23; 11 (1918), p. 23; 12 (1918), p. 23; 13 (1918), p. 23; 14 (1918), p. 23; 15 (1918), p. 23; 16 (1918), p. 23; 17 (1918), p. 23; 18 (1918), p. 23; 19 (1918), p. 23; 20 (1918), p. 23; 21 (1918), p. 23; 22 (1918), p. 23; 23 (1918), p. 23; 24 (1918), p. 23; 25 (1918), p. 23; 26 (1918), p. 23; 27 (1918), p. 23; 28 (1918), p. 23; 29 (1918), p. 23; 30 (1918), p. 23; 31 (1918), p. 23; 32 (1918), p. 23; 33 (1918), p. 23; 34 (1918), p. 23; 35 (1918), p. 23; 36 (1918), p. 23; 37 (1918), p. 23; 38 (1918), p. 23; 39 (1918), p. 23; 40 (1918), p. 23; 41 (1918), p. 23; 42 (1918), p. 23; 43 (1918), p. 23; 44 (1918), p. 23; 45 (1918), p. 23; 46 (1918), p. 23; 47 (1918), p. 23; 48 (1918), p. 23; 49 (1918), p. 23; 50 (1918), p. 23; 51 (1918), p. 23; 52 (1918), p. 23; 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Agauno - Archaeological plan of the sacred buildings from the 4th to the 11th century.
