BOUGAUD, GUILLAUME-HYACINTHE. — French Jesuit, historian, and theologian, b. at Quimper on 4 Nov. 1690, d. at Paris on 3 Jan. 1743. He entered the novitiate in 1706, taught humanities and rhetoric at Caen and Nevers, and was then attached, at only 31 years of age, to the group of *scriptores* at the Louis-le-Grand college in Paris.
He remained there all his life, except for brief interruptions, and collaborated assiduously on the so-called *Mémoires de Trévoux* on the most varied themes. He entered into controversy with Fr. Lebrun of the French Oratory on theological questions: *Réfutation de la dissertation du p. Lebrun sur la forme de la consécration de l'Eucharistie* (Paris 1727), to which he later added
the *Traité théologique sur la forme de la consécration de l'Eucharistie* (2 vols., Lyon 1729). He intervened in the controversies surrounding the bull *Unigenitus*, ridiculing the Jansenists in some satirical comedies. The best known, *La femme docteur, ou la théologie tombée en quenouille* (Liège [but Lyon] 1730), was praised and almost plagiarized (with a veritable plagiarism) by the German writer Ludwig Gottsched against the Pietists: *Die Pietisterey im Fischbein-Rocke oder die doktormässige Frau* (Rostock [but Leipzig] 1736). B. caused some stir with his *Amusement philosophique sur l'âme des bêtes* (Paris 1739), which nonetheless saw reprints and two Italian translations (1742 and 1776). His catechism, *Exposé de la doctrine chrétienne par demandes et réponses, divisée en trois catéchismes* (i.e., historical, doctrinal, and practical catechisms, 1714), was printed in French until 1875 and in Italian from 1742 to 1867.
But B. earned his most lasting reputation as a historian with his *Histoire des guerres et négociations qui précédèrent les traités de Westphalie, et, avec le règne de Louis XIII et le ministère du cardinal Mazarin* (3 vols., 1772), later reprinted as *Histoire des traités de Westphalie ou des négociations qui se firent à Münster et à Osnabrück pour rétablir la paix entre tous les princes de l'Europe* (2 vols. in-4° or 4 vols. in-12°, 1714; 3 vols., 1776). The author traces events back to the time of Luther, but does not develop the subject fully until after 1632. From this point onward, his text takes on the value of a source: it is indeed based on diplomatic documents, principally the papers of the Count d’Avaux, one of the two French plenipotentiaries, and reproduces part of them.