DAMASUS II, of Bavaria, Poppo, 17 July 1048 – 9 Aug. 1048.
S. LEO IX, of Lorraine, Bruno of the counts of Egisheim-Dagsburg, 12 Feb. 1049 – 19 Apr. 1054.
VICTOR II, German, Gebhard of the counts of Dollnstein-Hirschberg, 16 Apr. 1055 – 28 July 1057.
STEPHEN IX (X), of Lorraine, Frederick of the dukes of Lorraine, 3 Aug. 1057 – 29 Mar. 1058.
Benedict X, Roman, John, 5 Apr. 1058 – 24 Jan. 1059 (deposed).
Nicholas II, of Burgundy, Gerard, 24 Jan. 1059 – 27 July 1061.
ALEXANDER II, Anselm of Baggio (Milan), 1 Oct. 1061 – 21 Apr. 1073.
Honorius II, of Verona, Cadalo, 28 Oct. 1061 – ... 1072.
S. GREGORY VII, of Tuscany, Hildebrand, 22 Apr., 30 June 1073 – 25 May 1085.
Clement III, of Parma, Guibert, 25 June 1080 – 24 Mar. 1084; 8 Sept. 1100.
B. VICTOR III, of Benevento, Daufer (Desiderius), 24 May 1086 – 16 Sept. 1087.
B. URBAN II, French, Odo of Lagery, 12 Mar. 1088 – 29 July 1099.
PASCHAL II, of Piacenza in Romagna, Raniero, 13, 14 Aug. 1099 – 21 Jan. 1118.
Theodoric, bishop of S. Rufina ... 1100, d. in 1102.
Albert, bishop of Sabina, ... 1102.
Sylvester IV, Roman, Maginulf, 18 Nov. 1105 – 12 Apr. 1111.
GELASIUS II, of Gaeta, John Gaetani, 24 Jan., 10 Mar. 1118 – 28 Jan. 1119.
Gregory VIII, French, Maurice called Burdinus, 8 Mar. 1118 – Apr. 1121, d. c. 1136.
CALLISTUS II, Guido of Burgundy, 2, 9 Feb. 1119 – 13 Dec. 1124.
CLEMENT II, Roman, Theobald Buccapecus, 15–16 Dec. 1124; abdicated immediately).
HONORIUS II, of Fiagnano (Imola), Lambert, 15, 21 Dec. 1124 – 13 Feb. 1130.
INNOCENT II, Roman, Gregory Papareschi, 14, 23 Feb. 1130 – 24 Sept. 1143.
Anacletus II, Roman, Peter Pierleoni, 14, 23 Feb. 1130 – 25 Jan. 1138.
Victor IV, Gregory, 15 Mar. 1138 – 29 May 1138.
CLEMENT III, of Città di Castello, Guido, 26 Sept., 3 Oct. 1143 – 8 Mar. 1144.
LUCIUS II, Bolognese, Gerard Caccianemici, 12 Mar. 1144 – 15 Feb. 1145.
B. EUGENE III, of Pisa, Bernard perhaps of the Paganelli of Montemagno, 15, 18 Feb. 1145 – 8 July 1153.
ANASTASIUS IV, Roman, Conrad, 12 July 1153 – 3 Dec. 1154.
ADRIAN IV, English, Nicholas Breakspear, 4, 5 Dec. 1154 – 1 Sept. 1159.
ALEXANDER III, of Siena, Roland Bandinelli, 7, 20 Sept. 1159 – 30 Aug. 1181.
Victor IV (V), Octavian of Monticelli (Tivoli), 7 Sept., 4 Oct. 1159 – 20 Apr. 1164.
Paschal III, Guido of Crema, 22, 26 Apr. 1164 – 20 Sept. 1168.
Callistus III, John abbot of Strumi (Arezzo), ... Sept. 1168 – 29 Aug. 1178.
Innocent III, of Sezze, Lando, 29 Sept. 1179 – ... Jan. 1180.
LUCIUS III, Lucchese, Ubaldo Allucingoli, 1, 6 Sept. 1181 – 25 Sept. 1185.
URBAN III, Milanese, Ubertus Crivelli, 25 Nov., 1 Dec. 1185 – 20 Oct. 1187.
GREGORY VIII, of Benevento, Albert de Morra, 21, 25 Oct. 1187 – 17 Dec. 1187.
CLEMENT III, Roman, Paul Scolari, 19, 20 Dec. 1187 – Mar. 1191.
CLEMENT III, Roman, Giacinto Bobone, 30 Mar., 14 Apr. 1191 – 8 Jan. 1198.
INNOCENT III, of Anagni, Lothar of the counts of Segni, 8 Jan., 22 Feb. 1198 – 16 July 1216.
HONORIUS III, Roman, Cencio Savelli, 13, 24 July 1216 – 18 Mar. 1227.
GREGORY IX, of Anagni, Ugolino of the counts of Segni, 19, 21 Mar. 1227 – 22 Aug. 1241.
CLEMENT IV, Milanese, Geoffrey Castiglioni, 25, 28 Oct. 1241 – 10 Nov. 1241.
INNOCENT IV, Genoese, Sinibaldo Fieschi, 25, 28 June 1243 – 7 Dec. 1254.
ALEXANDER IV, of Anagni, Rinaldo of the counts of Segni, 12, 20 Dec. 1254 – 25 May 1261.
URBAN IV, of Troyes, James Pantaleon, 29 Aug., 4 Sept. 1261 – 2 Oct. 1264.
CLEMENT IV, French, Guy Foulques, 5, 15 Feb. 1265 – 29 Nov. 1268.
GREGORY X, of Piacenza, Tedald Visconti, 1 Sept. 1271, 27 Mar. 1272 – 10 Jan. 1276.
INNOCENT V, of Savoy, Peter of Tarentaise, 21 Jan., 22 Feb. 1276 – 22 June 1276.
ADRIAN V, Genoese, Ottobono Fieschi, 11 July 1276 – 18 Aug. 1276.
JOHN XXI, Portuguese, Peter Juliani or Peter Hispanus, 8, 20 Sept. 1276 – 20 May 1277.
NICHOLAS III, Roman, John Gaetano Orsini, 25 Nov.–26 Dec. 1277 – 22 Aug. 1280.
MARTIN IV, French, Simon de Brion, 22 Feb., 23 Mar. 1281 – 28 Mar. 1285.
HONORIUS IV, Roman, James Savelli, 2 Apr., 20 May 1285 – 3 Apr. 1287.
NICHOLAS IV, of Ascoli, Girolamo Masci, 22 Feb. 1288 – 4 Apr. 1292.
CELESTINE V, of Isernia, Peter of Murrone, 5 July, 29 Aug. 1294 – 13 Dec. 1294, d. 19 May 1296.
BONIFACE VIII, of Anagni, Benedetto Caetani, 24 Dec. 1294, 23 Jan. 1295 – 11 Oct. 1303.
BENEDICT XI, of Treviso, Nicholas Boccasini, 22, 27 Oct. 1303 – 7 July 1304.
CLEMENT V, French, Bertrand de Got, 5 June, 14 Nov. 1305 – 20 Apr. 1314 (1st Avignon pope).
JOHN XXII, of Cahors, James Duèse, 7 Aug., 5 Sept. 1316 – 4 Dec. 1334.
Nicholas V, of Corvaro (Rieti), Peter Rainalducci, 12, 22 May 1328 – 25 Aug. 1330, d. 16 Oct. 1333.
BENEDICT XII, French, James Fournier, 20 Dec. 1334, 8 Jan. 1335 – 25 Apr. 1342.
CLEMENT VI, French, Peter Roger, 7, 19 May 1342 – 6 Dec. 1352.
INNOCENT VI, French, Stephen Aubert, 18, 30 Dec. 1352 – 12 Sept. 1362.
B. URBAN V, French, William de Grimoard, 28 Sept.–6 Nov. 1362 – 19 Dec. 1370.
GREGORY XI, French, Peter Roger de Beaufort, 30 Dec. 1370, 5 Jan. 1371 – 26 Mar. 1378 (returned to Rome).
URBAN VI, of Naples, Bartholomew Prignano, 8, 18 Apr. 1378 – 15 Oct. 1380.
BONIFACE IX, of Naples, Peter Tomacelli, 2, 9 Nov. 1380 – 1 Oct. 1404.
INNOCENT VII, of Sulmona, Cosimo Migliorati, 17 Oct.–11 Nov. 1404 – 6 Nov. 1406.
GREGORY XII, Venetian, Angelo Correr, 30 Nov., 19 Dec. 1406 – 4 July 1415 (resigned), d. 18 Oct. 1417.
Avignon obedience
Clement VII, Robert of the counts of Geneva, 20 Sept., 31 Oct. 1378 – 16 Sept. 1394.
Benedict XIII, Aragonese, Peter de Luna, 28 Sept., 11 Oct. 1394 – 23 May 1423.
Clement VIII, of Valencia, Giles Sanches Muñoz, 10 June 1423 – 26 July 1429.
Benedict XIV, of Rodez, Bernard Garnier, 12 Nov. 1425–30.
Pisan obedience
Alexander V, of the island of Crete, Peter Philargos, 26 June, 7 July 1409 – 3 May 1410.
John XXIII, of Naples, Baldassare Cossa, 17, 25 May 1410 – 29 May 1415 (deposed).
MARTIN V, Roman, Oddone Colonna, 11, 21 Nov. 1417 – 20 Feb. 1431.
EUGENE IV, Venetian, Gabriel Condulmer, 3, 11 Mar. 1431 – 23 Feb. 1447.
Felix V, of Savoy, Amadeus duke of Savoy, 5 Nov. 1439, 24 July 1440 – 7 Apr. 1449.
Nicholas V, of Sarzana, Thomas Parentucelli, 6, 19 Mar. 1447 – 24 Mar. 1455.
CALLISTUS III, of Játiva (Valencia), Alfonso de Borja, 8, 20 Apr. 1455 – 6 Aug. 1458.
PIUS II, of Siena, Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, 19 Aug., 3 Sept. 1458 – 15 Aug. 1464.
PAUL II, Venetian, Peter Barbo, 30 Aug., 16 Sept. 1464 – 26 July 1471.
SIXTUS IV, of Savona, Francis della Rovere, 9, 25 Aug. 1471 – 12 Aug. 1484.
INNOCENT VIII, Genoese, G. B. Cibo, 29 Aug., 12 Sept. 1484 – 25 July 1492.
ALEXANDER VI, of Játiva (Valencia), Rodrigo de Borja, 11, 26 Aug. 1492 – 18 Aug. 1503.
PIUS III, of Siena, Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini, 22 Sept., 10, 8 Oct. 1503 – 18 Oct. 1503.
JULIUS II, of Savona, Giuliano della Rovere, 31 Oct., 26 Nov. 1503 – 21 Feb. 1513.
LEO X, Florentine, John de’ Medici, 9, 17, 19 Mar. 1513 – 1 Dec. 1521.
ADRIAN VI, of Utrecht, Adrian Florensz, 9 Jan., 31 Aug. 1522 – 14 Sept. 1523.
CLEMENT VII, Florentine, Giulio de’ Medici, 19, 26 Nov. 1523 – 25 Sept. 1534.
PAUL III, Roman, Alexander Farnese, 13 Oct., 3 Nov. 1534 – 10 Nov. 1549.
JULIUS III, Roman, John Maria Ciocchi del Monte, 7, 22 Feb. 1550 – 23 Mar. 1555.
MARCELLUS II, of Montepulciano, Marcellus Cervinus, 9, 10 Apr. 1555 – 1 May 1555.
PAUL IV, of Naples, Gian Pietro Carafa, 23, 26 May 1555 – 18 Aug. 1559.
PIUS IV, Milanese, Gian Angelo de’ Medici, 25 Dec. 1559, 6 Jan. 1560 – 9 Dec. 1565.
S. Pius V, of Bosco (Alessandria), Antonio (Michele) Ghislieri, 7, 17 Jan. 1566 – 1 May 1572.
GREGORY XIII, of Bologna, Ugo Boncompagni, 13, 25 May 1572 – 10 Apr. 1585.
SIXTUS V, of Grottammare (Ripartansone), Felice Peretti, 24 Apr., 1 May 1585 – 27 Aug. 1590.
URBAN VII, of Rome, Giovanni Battista Castagna, 15 Sept. 1590 – 27 Sept. 1590.
GREGORY XIV, of Cremona, Niccolò Sfondrati, 5, 8 Dec. 1590 – 16 Oct. 1591.
INNOCENT IX, of Bologna, Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, 29 Oct., 3 Nov. 1591 – 30 Dec. 1591.
CLEMENT VIII, of Florence, Ippolito Aldobrandini, 30 Jan., 9 Feb. 1592 – 3 Mar. 1605.
LEO XI, of Florence, Alessandro de’ Medici, 10, 10 Apr. 1605 – 27 Apr. 1605.
PAUL V, of Rome, Camillo Borghese, 16, 29 May 1605 – 28 Jan. 1621.
GREGORY XV, of Bologna, Alessandro Ludovisi, 9, 14 Feb. 1621 – 8 July 1623.
URBAN VIII, of Florence, Maffeo Barberini, 6 Aug., 29 Sept. 1623 – 29 July 1644.
INNOCENT X, of Rome, Giovanni Battista Pamphili, 15 Sept., 4 Oct. 1644 – 7 Jan. 1655.
ALEXANDER VII, of Siena, Fabio Chigi, 7, 18 Apr. 1655 – 22 May 1667.
CLEMENT IX, of Pistoia, Giulio Rospigliosi, 20, 26 June 1667 – 9 Dec. 1669.
CLEMENT X, of Rome, Emilio Altieri, 29 Apr., 11 May 1670 – 22 July 1676.
INNOCENT XI, of Como, Benedetto Odescalchi, 21 Sept., 4 Oct. 1676 – 12 Aug. 1689.
ALEXANDER VIII, of Venice, Pietro Ottoboni, 6, 16 Oct. 1689 – 1 Feb. 1691.
INNOCENT XII, of Naples, Antonio Pignatelli, 12, 15 July 1691 – 27 Sept. 1700.
CLEMENT XI, of Urbino, Giovanni Francesco Albani, 23, 30 Nov., 8 Dec. 1700 – 19 Mar. 1721.
INNOCENT XIII, of Rome, Michelangelo dei Conti, 8, 18 May 1721 – 7 Mar. 1724.
BENEDICT XIII, of Rome, Pietro Francesco (Vincenzo Maria Orsini), 29 May, 4 June 1724 – 21 Feb. 1730.
CLEMENT XII, of Florence, Lorenzo Corsini, 12, 16 July 1730 – 6 Feb. 1740.
BENEDICT XIV, of Bologna, Prospero Lambertini, 17, 22 Aug. 1740 – 3 May 1758.
CLEMENT XIII, of Venice, Carlo Rezzonico, 6, 16 July 1758 – 2 Feb. 1769.
CLEMENT XIV, of S. Arcangelo (Rimini), G. Vincenzo Antonio (Lorenzo) Ganganelli, 19, 28 May, 4 June 1769 – 22 Sept. 1774.