EVERUX, HENRICH GEORG AUGUST DE. — Orientalist and Protestant exegete, born at Göttingen on 16 November 1803, died 11 May 1875. Initially (1822–24) he was a secondary school teacher at Wolfenbüttel, where in the celebrated library he became familiar with Oriental manuscripts. Returning to Göttingen as a tutor in the theological faculty (1824) and later as professor of Oriental languages and exegesis (1827–37 and 1848–67), his life was absorbed by scientific, religious, and political struggles.
Twice, in 1837 and 1867, he was stripped of his chair at Göttingen, largely because of his unbridled opposition to Prussia. From 1867 to 1874 he served as a deputy to the Reichstag for the city of Hanover; as a political figure he seized every opportunity, almost in the prefaces and appendices of his scholarly works, to send forth comments against all and sundry, especially against Rome and the Jesuits (v. , pp. 43–49). The appendix *Über festen im jetzigen Deutsch-Land*.
During 1838–48 the exile held the chair at Tübingen, where he also entered into grave conflicts with his colleagues, D. Fr. Strauss and F. Chr. Baur. In 1862–63 he zealously promoted the reform of his humanitarian and syncretistic Protestant church.
Authoritarian by temperament, he would not admit the opinions of others; “he too often took his imaginings for realities” (F. Vigouroux). Caustic in his language, he lost much of his scholarly prestige and made enemies everywhere (A. Knobel, *Exegetisches Vademecum für Herrn Professor E. in Tübingen*, Giessen 1844).
The scholarly output of E. was immense and enjoyed wide resonance through successive new editions. It embraced, above all: 1) Oriental linguistics, so that he earned the title of founder of the historical-comparative method in Semitic linguistics. With this philological grounding and historical method he turned to the Bible; 2) history, archaeology, translation and interpretation, biblical theology; 3) he also devoted particular attention to the Old Testament apocrypha. He moreover founded the *Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes* (1837–50), launched the *Jahrbücher der biblischen Wissenschaft* (1849–65), and was an indefatigable contributor to the *Göttinger Gelehrte Anzeigen* (from 1824) and to *Theologische Studien und Kritiken*, etc.
Among his works are to be noted:
1) *De metris carminum Araborum* (Brunswick 1825); *Kritische Grammatik der hebräischen Sprache* (Lipsius 1827; 5th ed. 1834 under the title *Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache*; 8th ed. 1870); *Grammatica critica linguae Arabicae* (ibid. 1831–33); *Abhandlungen zur orientalischen Literatur* (Göttingen 1832); *Hebräische Sprache, tief für Anfänger* (Lipsius 1842; 1st ed. 1874); *Über die arabisch geschriebenen Werke jüdischer Sprachgelehrten* (Stoccarda 1841); *Sprachwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen* (I–III, Göttingen 1861–62, 1871).
2) *Die Komposition der Genesis kritisch untersucht* (Brunswick 1823); *Commentarius in Apocalypsin Ioannis exegeticus et criticus* (Lipsius 1828); *Die Dichter des Alten Bundes* (4 vols., Göttingen 1835–39); *Die Propheten des Alten Bundes* (Stoccarda 1840–41; 2nd ed., 3 vols., Göttingen 1867–68); *Geschichte des Volkes Israel bis ins nachapostolische Zeitalter* (3 vols., ibid. 1843–52; 3rd ed., 7 vols., ibid. 1864–68); *Die Bücher des Neuen Bundes übersetzt und erklärt* (ibid. 1850–1870); *Die Lehre der Bibel von Gott, oder Theologie des Alten und Neuen Bundes* (4 vols., Lipsius 1871–76).
3) *Abhandlungen über das äthiopische Buch Henoch Entstehungszeit, Sinn und Zusammenhang* (Göttingen 1854); *Über Entstehung, Inhalt und Wert der Sibyllinischen Bücher* (ibid. 1858); *Das vierte Esrabuch nach seinem Zeitalter, seinen arabischen Übersetzungen und neuer Wiederherstellung* (ibid. 1863).