**FAUSTUS of Milevis.** – A Manichaean bishop of African origin in the 4th century. Born in Africa, at Milevis, he acquired a certain eloquence despite a nearly exclusively literary and quite limited education. Once made bishop, he became one of the most prominent figures of the sect. He lived for a long time in Rome.
With him, Augustine had in 383, at Carthage, a conversation eagerly awaited for nine years, but in vain did he present his doubts to Faustus, who declared himself unable to answer them (*Confessions*, V, 3, 3; 6, 10-12). Yet Augustine retained a good memory of him, for later, in Milan, he still hoped for enlightenment from Faustus (*Confessions*, VI, 11). As a Manichaean, he was for some time exiled to an island. He wrote an apologetic and polemical work in which, vulgarizing Manichaeism, he repudiated the Old Testament and the Incarnation, and, as for the New Testament, he claimed that the passages contrary to his doctrines were corrupted. Around 400, when his adversary was already dead, Augustine opposed him with the 33 books of *Contra Faustum Manicheum*, in which he quotes Faustus’ work step by step, thus preserving it almost entirely, and refutes it at length.
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**FAUSTUS OF RIEZ – FAVRE, JULES**
*The Oudinot expedition against the Roman Republic in the press and in Parliament.* After remaining outside political life for several years, he returned to the Chamber in 1858, and in the same year dramatically took up the defense of Felice Orsini, who had attempted to assassinate Napoleon III. Though one of the leaders of the opposition, he supported the Italian campaign of 1859, particularly attacking imperial policy during the Mexican expedition and regarding relations with the papacy, to which F. was tenaciously hostile.
After Sedan, he became vice president of the provisional government and minister of Foreign Affairs, for which he had to conduct negotiations with Bismarck for the Peace of Frankfurt in 1871.
Meanwhile, the capture of Rome occurred, and F., weighed down by the misfortune of his homeland, refused to denounce the September Convention (v.), yet left the Italian government a free hand. While dissuading Pius IX from abandoning Italy and making him understand that France would not support the restoration of the temporal power, he vigorously urged the government in Florence to act with extreme moderation toward the Pope. He set forth his role in this matter in an interesting book: *Rome et la République française* (Paris 1871).
Having fallen out with Thiers, on 23 July 1871 he left the ministry, continuing to take part in public affairs as a deputy and later as a senator. His political and forensic speeches were published, and worthy of note is also an apologetic work: *Le gouvernement de la défense nationale; 1871-74* (Paris 1874).
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