STEPHANUS TEMPERI (STEFANO TEMPIER). — Bishop of Paris from 7 Oct. 1268 to 3 Sept. 1279.
Originally from Orléans, he had studied theology in Paris. Canon of Notre-Dame and later chancellor, he had raised legal issues with the University and displayed a marked tendency to impose his own authority and diminish its privileges. As bishop, his name is linked to two famous condemnations of Averroism: that of 10 Dec. 1270, in which 13 propositions that were frankly Averroistic were censured; and that of 7 March 1277, against no fewer than 219 propositions, some of which were notoriously defended by St Thomas Aquinas. This second condemnation, which did not strike only at Averroism but at Aristotelianism in general insofar as it dissented from traditional Augustinianism, provoked remonstrances from Giles of Rome, Godfrey of Fontaines, John of Naples and even William of Ockham. Yet fifty years later it had fallen into disuse except with regard to the articles that were openly heterodox. In the letter that accompanied the condemnation of 1277, the *De amore* of Andreas Capellanus, a treatise on geomancy and other books, scrolls and notebooks of necromancy were also prohibited.