- Noted liberal theologian and moralist of Russian origin, b. 14 Apr. 1826, d. 13 June 1910. Rector of the ecclesiastical academy of St Petersburg, he was proto-presbyter of the imperial court and confessor to the tsars.
His dissertation entitled *The State of the Doctrine on Conscience, Freedom and Grace in the Orthodox System of Theology and an Attempt to Clarify This Doctrine* was rejected in 1872 by the academic council and in 1873 by the Holy Synod as contrary to the *Libri Symbolici* and to official theology, which J. deemed “not sufficiently determinate,” and so he sought to replace it with a psychological-philosophical method. Between 1874 and 1875 he dealt with the union with the “Old Catholics.” J.’s principal work is *The Orthodox-Christian Doctrine of Morality* (a course of his lectures delivered in St Petersburg, Moscow 1887, 2nd ed. St Petersburg 1906). J. was influenced by Protestant authors. He favoured an asceticism not so much monastic as generally Christian, seeking to demonstrate its supreme reasonableness and insisting on the formation of one’s character rather than on contemplation, which J. regarded as quietism.