LANDFRANCO da CREMA (or da CREMONA). — Born in 1189, died in Bologna on 27 February 1229; remembered as one of the celebrated jurist masters of Bologna.
According to the Diplovataccio, he would have taught *utrumque ius* (canon and civil law), but Sarti raises doubts, since at his time the union of the two laws had not yet been achieved. His glosses, however, show a civil law culture, and his citations of canonists suggest knowledge of Church law as well. From an internal examination of his glosses, it can be deduced that he would have read and glossed the first three *Complationes antiquae*. The celebrated Tancredi made use of them in compiling his * Apparatus*. His glosses bear the sigla L., La., Lan., which at times led to confusion with Laurentius, a Spanish canonist. Kuttner attributes to this confusion of sigla the reputation of L. as a canonist, which he, along with others, considers an error. Gillmann has demonstrated that the glosses attributed to L. are actually those of Laurentius. It seems instead that L. was the first to conceive of the unity of *utrumque ius* and was among the first to teach the two combined laws for a long time in Bologna.
In 1203 he went with others to open the Studium in Vicenza, which, however, did not have a long life and was dissolved in 1209; he soon returned to Bologna. Around 1217 he entered as an oblate (the Necrologium of S. Salvatore calls him *conversus*) among the Canons Regular of S. Maria del Reno near Bologna, to whom he left many goods at his death. He is cited on occasion by ancient canonists.