STEPHEN AD-DUWAIIH. — Maronite Patriarch, b. at Ilden (Lebanon) in 1630.
He entered the Maronite College in Rome in 1641. He returned to Lebanon in 1654; in 1662 he was sent by Patriarch G. Sib'ali to Aleppo, where he converted many Melkites, Nestorians, and Jacobites; in 1668 he was elected Bishop of Cyprus and in 1670 Patriarch of Antioch for the Maronites.
Noteworthy is the theological dispute he conducted in 1683 against Cyril V, Patriarch of the dissident Melkites, before Emir Ahmad b. Ma'n, as a result of which Cyril V and four of his bishops converted (A. Martin, *Lettres édifiantes et curieuses*, I, Paris 1838, p. 87 sq.).
Among the works of S. are to be noted: *Manàrat al-Aqdas* (*Lighthouse of the Sanctuary*), 2 vols., ed. R. Sartùni, Beirut 1895-96), a lengthy explanation of the Maronite Mass; *Sisilah batàrikah at-tà'ifah al-màriñijjah* (*Series of the Patriarchs of the Maronite Nation*), ed. R. Sartùni, ibid. 1911); through which the author was able to consult inscriptions and manuscripts now lost; *Ta'rîh al-azminah* (*Annals*), ed. F. Tautel, ibid. 1951); *Kitab-al-ihtigâg*, of which a Latin version exists in Vat. lat. 7411 under the title *Vindiciae Maronitarum*.