Contemporary of Berkeley, with whom he agrees in the conclusion—though differently established—of the non-existence of the external world. Philosophically, he depends mainly on Malebranche.
Principal work: *Clovis Universalis, or a New Inquiry after Truth, being a Demonstration of the Non-Existence or Impossibility of an External World* (1713; published several times).
Bibl.: A. W. Ward – A. R. Waller, *The Cambridge History of English Literature*, IX, Cambridge 1912, pp. 287–88, 202; Ueberweg, III, pp. 399, 692.