GRIMALICO (GRIMLAIUS)

GRIMALICO (GRIMLAIUS). — Author of the first Rule for "recluses," from the 9th century. No information about his life is available. Examination of the Rule—the only surviving writing of his—suggests he was a priest and a "recluse" in the diocese of Metz.

The *Regula solitariorum*, intended for "recluses" or voluntary "imprisoned" persons ("carcer retrusionis" is the term used in chap. 14 for their "cell," described in chap. 16), is more a spiritual guide for the recluse, even if a priest, than a series of prescriptions. The author, who draws on many sources, especially the Rule of St. Benedict, reveals himself as learned, pious, and discreet; he treats of detachment from the world and contemplation; for spiritual progress he strongly recommends study (chap. 20: PL 103, 599). Published by Luc d’Achery (*Regula solitaria*, Paris 1653), it was included in the *Codex Regularum* of Lucas Holstenius (Rome 1661; Paris 1663), whence it passed into PL 103, 573–664.

Bibl.: PP. Maurini, *Histoire littéraire de la France*, V, Paris 1790, pp. 685–87; Hurter, I, cols. 864 ff.; P. Pourrat, *La spiritualité chrétienne*, I, Paris 1926, pp. 409–11; L. Gougaud, *Ermites et recluses: études sur d’anciennes formes de vie religieuse*, Abbaye St-Martin-de-Ligugé (Vienne) 1928, pp. 62–63 and passim (cf. id., in *Rev. d’hist. eccl.*, 12 (1911), pp. 587–88). Igino Cecchetti