ELOHIM (VULGATE DEUS). - Generic Hebrew name for the God of Israel, used like Ēl (v.), of which it is a synonym and the plural form (F. Zorell), with the h interpolated as in 'Amāhāth. Generally, while Jahweh expresses God's relations with Israel, Ēl is the name of God in relation to the world or to the nations.
The plural form, preferred in the Bible (about 2,500 times), indicates the fullness of the power of the one God: pluralis virium = virtutum: cumulus potentiarum (W. Gesenius - E. Kautzsch, § 124 g); cf. the plural of Gen. 1:26: "God has such fullness of being that he can deliberate with himself, as several persons deliberate among themselves" (M.-J. Lagrange, in Revue biblique, 5 [1896], p. 387). And Ēl is constructed as a singular (W. Gesenius - E. Kautzsch, §§ 132 h, 145 hi). This is confirmed by the letters of el-'Amārnah (96, 4 ff.; 97, 3; 235, 2; 267, 10; 281, 2), the texts of Boghazköy (I, 5) and of Rās Samrah (I AB, II, 13, 24, 31; III-IV, 32, 41; etc.), in which the plural Idms is constructed with the verb in the singular and refers to the pharaoh alone, = to the king of Assyria (II Par. 35:21 ff.; B. Alfrink), or to a single god; and the elhm of Rās Samrah, synonymous with Ēl, often expresses the Supreme Being.
Derivazione tardiva da Ēl è il singolare Ēlōh usato solo in poesia (57 volte, di cui 34 in Giobbe).
Bibliography12 worksH. Zimmermann, Elbhis. Eine Studie zur irr. Religionsund Literaturgeschichte, Berlino 1900; W. Gesenius-E. Kautzsch, Hebräische Grammatik, 2
BIBL.: H. Zimmermann, Elbhis. Eine Studie zur irr. Religionsund Literaturgeschichte, Berlino 1900; W. Gesenius-E. Kautzsch, Hebräische Grammatik, 27ª ed., Lipsia 1902, §§ 87, 124g, 125f, 126e, 132h, 145hi; F. X. Kortheimer, De Hebraeorum... monotheism, Innsbruck 1910, pp. 60-65; id. Commentationes biblique, IX, ivi 1935, pp. 28-31; R. Kittel, Geschichte des Volkes Israels, I, 5ª ed., Gotha 1922, p. 172 sg.; A. Jirku, Altorientalischer Kommentar zum Alten Test., Lipsia 1923, p. 18 sg.; H. Bauer, Die Gottheiten von Rax Shamra, in Zeitschrift für alts. Wissenschaft, 21 [1933], p. 85, n. 3; B. Alfrink, Der Schlacht bei Megiddo... in Biblica, 15 [1934], p. 180 sg.; U. Cassuto, La questione della Genesi, Firenze 1934, pp. 60-62; W. Eichrodt, Theologie des Alten Test., I, 2ª ed., Lipsia 1939, p. 90 sg.; F. Zorell, Lexicon Hebraicum, I, Roma 1930, p. 53 sg.; G. B. Roggia, Alcune osservazioni sul culto di El a Rax Shamra, in Aeum, 15 [1941], pp. 561-64. Francesco Spodolara
Morin, Corrado. “ĒLöhim (Volgata Deus).” In Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. V, col. 263. Città del Vaticano: Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1950. https://azioneromana.com/article/elohim-volgata-deus.
MLA
Morin, Corrado. “ĒLöhim (Volgata Deus).” Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. V, Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1950, col. 263. Azione Romana, https://azioneromana.com/article/elohim-volgata-deus.
BibTeX
@incollection{ec5_elohim_volgata_deus,
author = {Morin, Corrado},
title = {ĒLöhim (Volgata Deus)},
booktitle = {Enciclopedia Cattolica},
volume = {V},
pages = {263},
note = {Cited by column},
publisher = {Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico},
address = {Città del Vaticano},
year = {1950},
url = {https://azioneromana.com/article/elohim-volgata-deus}
}
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