The Oration of Eusebius 5
5.1 Chapter V
1. And in this hope our divinely-favored emperor partakes even in this present life, gifted as he is by God with native virtues, and having received into his soul the out-flowings of his favor. His reason he derives from the great Source of all reason: he is wise, and good, and just, as having fellowship with perfect Wisdom, Goodness, and Righteousness: virtuous, as following the pattern of perfect virtue: valiant, as partaking of heavenly strength.
Ἧς ὁ μὲν τῷ θεῷ φίλος ἐντεῦθεν ἤδη μέθεξει, ταῖς ἐμφύτοις τῷ θεῷ κοσμηθεὶς ἀρεταῖς καὶ τὰς ἐκεῖθεν ἀπορροίας τῇ ψυχῇ καταδεδεγμένος, καὶ λογικὸς μὲν ἐκ τοῦ καθόλου γεγονὼς λόγου, σοφίας δὲ μετουσίᾳ σοφός, ἀγαθὸς δ’ ἀγαθοῦ κοινωνίᾳ, καὶ δίκαιος μετοχῇ δικαιοςύνης, σώφρων τε σωφροςύνης ἰδέᾳ, καὶ τῆς ἀνωτάτω μετασχὼν δυνάμεως ἀνδρεῖος.
5.2
2. And truly may he deserve the imperial title, who has formed his soul to royal virtues, according to the standard of that celestial kingdom. But he who is a stranger to these blessings, who denies the Sovereign of the universe, and owns no allegiance to the heavenly Father of spirits; who invests not himself with the virtues which become an emperor, but overlays his soul with moral deformity and baseness; who for royal clemency substitutes the fury of a savage beast; for a generous temper, the incurable venom of malicious wickedness; for prudence, folly; for reason and wisdom, that recklessness which is the most odious of all vices, for from it, as from a spring of bitterness, proceed the most pernicious fruits; such as inveterate profligacy of life, covetousness, murder, impiety and defiance of God; surely one abandoned to such vices as these, however he may be deemed powerful through despotic violence, has no true title to the name of Emperor.
ἀτὰρ δὴ καὶ βασιλεὺς ἀληθεῖ λόγῳ χρηματίσειεν ἂν οὗτος ὁ τῆς ἐπέκεινα βασιλείας τὸ μίμημα βασιλικαῖς ἀρεταῖς τῇ ψυχῇ μεμορφωμένος. ὁ δὲ τούτων ἀπεξενωμένος καὶ τὸν βασιλέα τῶν ὅλων ἀπαρνηθείς, μηδὲ τὸν ἐπουράνιον ψυχῶν ἐπιγραψάμενος πατέρα, μηδὲ τὸν πρεποντα βασιλεῖ κόσμον περιθέμενος, ἀμορφίαν δὲ καὶ αἶσχος ἀναλαβὼν τῇ ψυχῇ, καὶ θηρὸς μὲν ἀγρίου θυμὸν βασιλικῆς ἡμερότητος ἀντικαταλλαξάμενος, ἰὸν δὲ δυσαλθῆ κακίας ἀντ’ ἐλευθερίου διαθέσεως, μωρίαν δ’ ἀντὶ φρονήσεως, καὶ ἀντὶ λόγου καὶ σοφίας τὴν παντὸς δυσειδεστάτην ἀλογίαν, ἐξ ἧς ὥσπερ ἀπὸ πικροῦ πόματος τὰ λυμαντικὰ συνομαρτεῖ βλαστήματα, βίος ἄσωτος, πλεονεξίαι, μιαιφονίαι, θεομαχίαι, δυσςέβειαι· τούτοις ἐκδοθείς, κἂν νομίζηταί ποτε τυραννικῇ βίᾳ κρατεῖν, ἀλλ’ οὔποτ’ ἀληθεῖ λόγῳ χρηματίσει βασιλεὺς οὗτος.
5.3
3. For how should he whose soul is impressed with a thousand absurd images of false deities, be able to exhibit a counterpart of the true and heavenly sovereignty? Or how can he be absolute lord of others, who has subjected himself to the dominion of a thousand cruel masters? a slave of low delights and ungoverned lust, a slave of wrongfully-extorted wealth, of rage and passion, as well as of cowardice and terror; a slave of ruthless demons, and soul-destroying spirits?
πῶς δ’ ἂν τὸ μίμημα τῆς μοναρχικῆς ἐξουςίας οἷός τε ἂν εἴη φέρειν ὁ μυρίας ἐψευδογραφημένας δαιμόνων εἰκόνας τῇ αὐτοῦ ψυχῇ τετυπωμένος; πῶς δ’ ἄρχων καὶ τῶν ὅλων κύριος ὁ μυρίους καθ’ ἑαυτοῦ πικροὺς δεσπότας ἐφειλκυσμένος, καὶ δοῦλος μὲν αἰσχρᾶς ἡδονῆς, δοῦλος δ’ ἀκολάστου γυναικομανίας, δοῦλος χρημάτων ἐξ ἀδίκου ποριζομένων, δοῦλος θυμοῦ καὶ ὀργῆς, δοῦλος φόβου καὶ δειμάτων, δοῦλος μιαιφόνων δαιμόνων, δοῦλος ψυχοφθόρων πνευμάτων;
5.4
4. Let, then, our emperor, on the testimony of truth itself, be declared alone worthy of the title; who is dear to the Supreme Sovereign himself; who alone is free, nay, who is truly lord: above the thirst of wealth, superior to sexual desire; victorious even over natural pleasures; controlling, not controlled by, anger and passion. He is indeed an emperor, and bears a title corresponding to his deeds; a Victor in truth, who has gained the victory over those passions which overmaster the rest of men: whose character is formed after the Divine original of the Supreme Sovereign, and whose mind reflects, as in a mirror, the radiance of his virtues. Hence is our emperor perfect in discretion, in goodness, in justice, in courage, in piety, in devotion to God: he truly and only is a philosopher, since he knows himself, and is fully aware that supplies of every blessing are showered on him from a source quite external to himself, even from heaven itself. Declaring the august title of supreme authority by the splendor of his vesture, he alone worthily wears that imperial purple which so well becomes him.
διὸ δὴ μόνος ἡμῖν βασιλεὺς σὺν ἀληθείᾳ μάρτυρι κεκηρύχθω ὁ τῷ παμβασιλεῖ θεῷ φίλος, ὁ δὴ μόνος ἐλεύθερος μᾶλλον δὲ κύριος ἀληθῶς, καὶ χρημάτων μὲν ἀνώτερος, γυναικῶν δ’ ἐπιθυμίας κρείττων, νικητὴς δὲ ἡδονῶν καὶ τῶν κατὰ φύσιν, κρατῶν δὲ θυμοῦ καὶ ὀργῆς, ἀλλ’ οὐ κρατούμενος, αὐτοκράτωρ ἀληθῶς οὗτος, φερώνυμον τῇ πράξει φέρων τὴν ἐπηγορίαν· νικητὴς ἐτύμως ὁ τὴν νίκην τῶν καταπαλαιόντων θνητὸν γένος παθῶν ἀράμενος, ὁ πρὸς τὴν ἀρχέτυπον τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως ἀπεικονισμένος ἰδέαν καὶ ταῖς ἐξ αὐτῆς τῶν ἀρετῶν αὐγαῖς ὥσπερ ἐν κατόπτρῳ τῇ διανοίᾳ μορφωθείς, ἐξ αὐτῶν δὲ ἀποτελεσθεὶς σώφρων, ἀγαθός, δίκαιος, ἀνδρεῖος, εὐσεβής, φιλόθεος. ἀληθῶς δὴ καὶ μόνος φιλόσοφος βασιλεὺς οὗτος ὁ ἑαυτὸν εἰδὼς καὶ τὰς ἔξωθεν αὐτῷ μᾶλλον δ’ οὐρανόθεν ἐπαρδομένας παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ χορηγίας ἐξεπιστάμενος, ὁ τῆς μονάρχου δυναστείας τὸ σεβάσμιον πρόσρημα τῷ τῆς ἀμπεχόνης ἐξαιρέτῳ περιβλήματι διαφαίνων καὶ τὴν ἐμπρέπουσαν αὐτῷ βασιλικὴν ἁλουργίδα μόνος ἐπαξίως ἐμπεριειλημμένος.
5.5
5. He is indeed an emperor, who calls on and implores in prayer the favor of his heavenly Father night and day, and whose ardent desires are fixed on his celestial kingdom. For he knows that present things, subject as they are to decay and death, flowing on and disappearing like a river’s stream, are not worthy to be compared with him who is sovereign of all; therefore it is that he longs for the incorruptible and incorporeal kingdom of God. And this kingdom he trusts he shall obtain, elevating his mind as he does in sublimity of thought above the vault of heaven, and filled with inexpressible longing for the glories which shine there, in comparison with which he deems the precious things of this present world but darkness. For he sees earthly sovereignty to be but a petty and fleeting dominion over a mortal and temporary life, and rates it not much higher than the goatherd’s, or shepherd’s, or herdsman’s power: nay, as more burdensome than theirs, and exercised over more stubborn subjects. The acclamations of the people, and the voice of flattery, he reckons rather troublesome than pleasing, because of the steady constancy of his character, and genuine discipline of his mind.
βασιλεὺς οὗτος ὁ νύκτωρ καὶ μεθ’ ἡμέραν τὸν ἐπουράνιον ἀνακαλούμενος πατέρα, ὁ τοῦτον ἐν ταῖς εὐχαῖς ἐπιβοώμενος, ὁ τῆς ἀνωτάτω βασιλείας ὀριγνώμενος. μὴ γὰρ τὰ παρόντα ἄξια τοῦ παμβασιλέως θεοῦ συνειδώς, τὰ θνητὰ καὶ ἐπίκηρα ποταμοῦ δίκην ῥέοντα καὶ ἀπολλύμενα, τὴν ἄφθαρτον καὶ ἀσώματον τοῦ θεοῦ βασιλείαν πουεῖ, κἀκείνης τυχεῖν εὔχεται, διὰ μεγαλόφρονα λογισμὸν ὑπὲρ τὴν οὐράνιον ἁφῖδα τὴν διάνοιαν μετεωρίσας καὶ τῶν ἐκεῖ φώτων ἄλεκτον πόθον ἐνεστερνισμένος, ὧν τῇ παραθέσει σκότους οὐδὲν διαφέρειν ἡγεῖται τὰ τοῦ παρόντος βίου τίμια· τήν τε γὰρ ἀνθρώπων άρχὴν θνητοῦ καὶ προσκαίρου βίου μικρὰν καὶ ὀλιγοχρόνιον ἐπισταςίαν οὖσαν ὁρᾷ, οὐ μακρῷ κρείττονα τῆς αἰπόλων ἢ ποιμένων ἢ βουκόλων ἀρχῆς (μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐργωδεστέραν καὶ δυσκολωτέρων θρεμμάτων ἡγεῖται), τάς τε τῶν δήμων ἐκβοήσεις καὶ τὰς τῶν κολάκων φωνὰς πρὸς ὄχλου τίθεται μᾶλλον ἢ πρὸς ἡδονῆς, διὰ στερρὸν ἦθος καὶ γνηςίαν ψυχῆς παίδευσιν.
6 ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν τῶν ὑπηκόων δορυφορίαν, μυριάδας στρατοπέδων, ὁπλιτῶν πεζῶν τε ὁμοῦ καὶ ἱππικῶν δοῦλα καὶ ὑπήκοα πλήθη οὐδαμῶς ὁρῶν καταπλήττεται, οὐδ’ ἐπὶ τῇ τούτων ἀρχῇ τυφοῦται, στρέφων εἰς αὐτὸν τὴν διάνοιαν τήν τε κοινὴν ἁπάντων φύσιν καὶ παρ’ ἑαυτῷ βλέπων. ἐσθῆτά γε μὴν χρυσοϋφῆ ποικίλοις ἄνθεσιν ἐξυφασμένην ἁλουργίδα τε βασιλικὴν σὺν αὐτῷ διαδήματι γελᾷ τοὺς πολλοὺς θεώμενος ἐκπεπληγμένους καὶ τὸ φάντασμα κομιδῇ νηπίων δίκην οἷόν τι μορμολύκειον θειάζοντας· οὐδαμῶς δ’ αὐτὸς τὰ ὅμοια πεπονθὼς τῇ ψυχῇ δι’ ἐπιστήμην τοῦ θείου περίβλημα σωφροσύνῃ καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ εὐσεβείᾳ τε καὶ ταῖς λοιπαῖς ἀρεταῖς πεποικιλμένον τὸν ἐπ’ ἀληθείας πρέποντα βασιλεῖ κόσμον περιτίθησιν.
5.6
6. Again, when he beholds the military service of his subjects, the vast array of his armies, the multitudes of horse and foot, entirely devoted to his command, he feels no astonishment, no pride at the possession of such mighty power; but turns his thoughts inward on himself, and recognizes the same common nature there. He smiles at his vesture, embroidered with gold and flowers, and at the imperial purple and diadem itself, when he sees the multitude gaze in wonder, like children at a bugbear, on the splendid spectacle. Himself superior to such feelings, he clothes his soul with the knowledge of God, that vesture, the broidery of which is temperance, righteousness, piety, and all other virtues; a vesture such as truly becomes a sovereign.
5.7
7. The wealth which others so much desire, as gold, silver, or precious gems, he regards to be, as they really are, in themselves mere stones and worthless matter, of no avail to preserve or defend from evil. For what power have these things to free from disease, or repel the approach of death? And knowing as he does this truth by personal experience in the use of these things, he regards the splendid attire of his subjects with calm indifference, and smiles at the childishness of those to whom they prove attractive. Lastly, he abstains from all excess in food and wine, and leaves superfluous dainties to gluttons, judging that such indulgences, however suitable to others, are not so to him, and deeply convinced of their pernicious tendency, and their effect in darkening the intellectual powers of the soul.
ἔτι μὴν πρὸς τούτοις τὰ τριπόθητα τοῖς πολλοῖς χρήματα, χρυσὸν λέγω καὶ ἄργυρον καὶ ὅσα λίθων θαυμάζεται γένη, λίθους ἀληθῶς ὑπάρχειν ἀνωφελεῖς καὶ ἄχρηστον ὕλην, οἷα τῇ φύσει ὄντα τυγχάνει τοιαῦτα καὶ ὄντα βλέπει, οὐδὲν πρὸς κακῶν ἀλέξημα οἷά τε ὄντα βοηθεῖν· τί γὰρ ταῦτα πρὸς νόσων ἀπαλλαγὴν ἢ θανάτου ἀποφυγὴν ἰσχύει; ὅμως δ’ οὖν, καίπερ ταῦτα εἰδώς, ἐπιστημόνως αὐτῦν τὴν χρῆσιν πρὸς εὐπρεπῆ τῶν ἀρχομένων κόσμον ἀπαθεῖ λογισμῷ διατίθεται, γελῶν τοὺς ταῦτα διὰ νηπιότητα φρενῶν ἐπτοημένους· κραιπάλης γε μὴν καὶ μέθης τῆς τε περιττῆς καρυκείας οἷα γαστριμάργοις οἰκείας ἀπέχεται, προςήκειν ἑτέροις ταῦτα ἀλλ’ οὐχ ἑαυτῷ ὑπολαμβάνων· ζημιοῦν γὰρ τὰ μεγάλα καὶ τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς νοςρὸν ἀμαυροῦν τὰ τοιαῦτα πέπεισται.
5.8
8. For all these reasons, our divinely taught and noble-minded emperor, aspiring to higher objects than this life affords, calls upon his heavenly Father as one who longs for his kingdom; exhibits a pious spirit in each action of his life; and finally, as a wise and good instructor, imparts to his subjects the knowledge of him who is the Sovereign Lord of all.
τούτων δὴ ἕπάντων ὁ τὰ θεῖα πεπαιδετμένος βασιλεὺς καὶ τὰ μεγάλα φρονῶν τοῦ παρόντος βίου τῶν κρειττόνων ἐφίεται, τὸν πατέρα καλῶν τὸν ἐπουράνιον καὶ τὴν ἐκείνου βασιλείαν ποθῶν, πάντα τε σὺν εὐσεβείᾳ πράττων καὶ τοῖς ὑπ᾿ αὐτὸν ἀρχομένοις ὡς ὑπὸ διδασκάλῳ παιδευομένοις ἀγαθῷ τὴν τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως θεογνωςίαν προβαλλόμενος.