On the Incarnation of the Word 37
37 Wars, &c., roused by demons, lulled by Christianity PG 25, 160
Who then is He that has done this, or who is He that has united in peace men that hated one another, save the beloved Son of the Father, the common Saviour of all, even Jesus Christ, Who by His own love underwent all things for our salvation? For even from of old it was prophesied of the peace He was to usher in, where the Scripture says: “They shall beat their swords into ploughshares, and their pikes into sickles, and nation shall not take the sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.” 2. And this is at least not incredible, inasmuch as even now those barbarians who have an innate savagery of manners, while they still sacrifice to the idols of their country, are mad against one another, and cannot endure to be a single hour without weapons: 3. but when they hear the teaching of Christ, straightway instead of fighting they turn to husbandry, and instead of arming their hands with weapons they raise them in prayer, and in a word, in place of fighting among themselves, henceforth they arm against the devil and against evil spirits, subduing these by self-restraint and virtue of soul. 4. Now this is at once a proof of the divinity of the Saviour, since what men could not learn among idols they have learned from Him; and no small exposure of the weakness and nothingness of demons and idols. For demons, knowing their own weakness, for this reason formerly set men to make war against one another, lest, if they ceased from mutual strife, they should turn to battle against demons. 5. Why, they who become disciples of Christ, instead of warring with each other, stand arrayed against demons by their habits and their virtuous actions: and they rout them, and mock at their captain the devil; so that in youth they are self-restrained, in temptations endure, in labours persevere, when insulted are patient, when robbed make light of it: and, wonderful as it is, they despise even death and become martyrs of Christ.
Τίς δὲ τῶν ἐν τῇ γραφῇ μαρτυρουμένων διωρύχθη τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τοὺς πόδας, ἢ ὅλως ἐπὶ ξύλου κεκρέμασται καὶ σταυρῷ τετελείωται ὑπὲρ τῆς πάντων σωτηρίας; Ἀβραὰμ μὲν γὰρ ἐπὶ κλίνης ἐκλείπων ἀπέθανεν· Ἰσαὰκ δὲ καὶ Ἰακὼβ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐξάραντες τοὺς πόδας ἐπὶ κλίνης ἀπέθανον. Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἀαρὼν ἐν τῷ ὄρει, Δαβὶδ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τετελεύτηκεν, οὐδεμίαν ἐπιβουλὴν ὑπὸ τῶν λαῶν παθών. εἰ δὲ καὶ ζητηθῇ ὑπὸ τοῦ Σαούλ, ἀλλὰ ἀβλαβὴς ἐσώζετο. Ἡσαΐας ἐπρίπθη μέν, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐπὶ ξύλου κεκρέμασται· Ἱερεμίας ὑβρίσθη ἀλλ’ οὐ κατακριθεὶς ἀπέθανεν· Ἰεζεκιὴλ ἔπασχεν, ἀλλ’ οὐχ ὑπὲρ τοῦ λαοῦ, ἀλλὰ τὰ ἐσόμενα κατὰ τοῦ λαοῦ σημαίνων.
Ἔπειτα οὗτοι καὶ πάσχοντες, ἄνθρωποι ἦσαν, ὁποῖοι καὶ πάντες κατὰ τὴν τῆς φύσεως ὁμοιότητα, ὁ δὲ σημαινόμενος ἐκ τῶν γραφῶν ὑπὲρ πάντων πάσχειν, οὐκ ἁπλῶς ἄνθρωπος, ἀλλὰ ζωὴ πάντων λέγεται, κἂν ὅμοιος κατὰ τὴν φύσιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις. Ὄψεσθε γάρ, φησι, τὴν ζωὴν ὑμῶν κρεμαμένην ἀπέναντι τῶν ὠφθαλμῶν ὑμῶν, καὶ Τῆν γενεὰν αὐτοῦ τίς διηγήσεται; πάντων μὲν γὰρ τῶν ἁγίων τὴν γενεάν τις δύναται μαθὼν ἄνωθεν διηγήσασθαι τίς καὶ πόθεν ἕκαστος γέγονε· τοῦ δὲ τυγχάνοντος ζωῆς ἀδιήγητον τὴν γενεὰν οἱ θεῖοι σημαίνουσι λόγοι.
Τίς οὖν ἐστι, περὶ οὗ ταῦτα λέγουσιν αἱ θεῖαι γραφαί; ἢ τίς τηλικοῦτος, ὡς καὶ τοὺς προφήτας περὶ αὐτοῦ τοσαῦτα προκαταγγέλλειν; ἀλλὰ γὰρ οὐδεὶς ἄλλος ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς εὑρίσκεται, πλὴν τοῦ κοινοῦ πάντων Σωτῆρος τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγου τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ἐκ παρθένου προελθὼν καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἐπὶ γῆς φανείς, καὶ ἀδιήγητον ἔχων τὴν κατὰ σάρκα γενεάν. οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ὃς δύναται τὸν κατὰ σάρκα πατέρα τούτου λέγειν, οὐκ ὄντος τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ ἐξ ἀνδρός, ἀλλ’ ἐκ παρθένου μόνης.
Ὥσπερ οὖν τοῦ Δαβίδ, καὶ Μωϋσέως, καὶ πάντων τῶν πατριαρχῶν τοὺς πατέρας τις γενεαλογεῖν δύναται· οὕτως οὐδεὶς δύναται τὴν κατὰ σάρκα γενεὰν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἐξ ἀνδρὸς διηγήσασθαι. οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ καὶ τὸν ἀστέρα σημαίνειν τὴν τοῦ σώματος γένεσιν ποιήσας· ἔδει γὰρ ἀπὸ οὐρανοῦ κατερχόμενον τὸν Λόγον, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τὴν σημασίαν ἔχειν· καὶ ἔδει τὸν τῆς κτίσεως βασιλέα προερχόμενον, ἐμφανῶς ὑπὸ πάσης τῆς οἰκουμένης γινώσκεσθαι.
Ἀμέλει ἐν Ἰουδαίᾳ ἐγεννᾶτο, καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ Περσίδος ἤρχοντο προσκυνῆσαι αὐτῷ. οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ καὶ πρὶν τῆς σωματικῆς ἐπιφανείας λαβὼν τὴν κατὰ τῶν ἀντιἀντικειμένων δαιμόνων νίκην, καὶ κατὰ τῆς εἰδωλολατρίας τρόπαια. πάντες γοῦν πανταχόθεν οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν, ἐξομνύμενοι τὴν πάτριον συνήθειαν καὶ τὴν εἰδώλων ἀθεότητα, πρὸς Χριστὸν λοιπὸν τὴν ἐλπίδα τίθενται, καὶ αὐτῷ καταγράφουσιν ἑαυτούς, ὡς καὶ τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἔξεστιν ἰδεῖν τὸ τοιοῦτον.
Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἄλλοτε ἡ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ἀθεότης πέπαυται, εἰ μὴ ὅτε ὁ Κύριος τοῦ παντός, ὡς ἐπὶ νεφέλης ἐποχούμενος, τῷ σώματι κατῆλθεν ἐκεῖ, καὶ τὴν τῶν εἰδώλων κατήργησε πλάνην, πάντας δὲ εἰς ἑαυτὸν καὶ δι’ ἑαυτοῦ πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα μετήνεγκεν.
Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ σταυρωθεὶς ἐπὶ μάρτυρι τῷ ἡλίῳ καὶ τῇ κτίσει καὶ τοῖς αὐτῷ τὸν θάνατον προσαγαγοῦσι· καὶ τῷ τούτου θανάτῳ ἡ σωτηρία πᾶσι γέγονε, καὶ ἡ κτίσις πᾶσα λελύτρωται. οὗτός ἐστιν ἡ πάντων ζωή, καὶ ὁ ὡς πρόβατον ὑπὲρ τῆς πάντων σωτηρίας ἀντίψυχον τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σῶμα εἰς θάνατον παραδούς, κἂν Ἰουδαῖοι μὴ πιστεύωσιν.