Frontone, Marcus Aurelius

FRONTONE, MARCO AURELIO. - Rhetorician, born at Cirta (Numidia) about A.D. 100, he was tutor to M. Aurelio and L. Vero; consul in 143. His greatest fame came not from his mediocre writings in poetry and prose, but from the close friendship he enjoyed with M. Aurelio, who calls him «magister dulcissimus» (Ep. 1, 7).

He valued literature more than philosophy, from which he vainly sought to divert his imperial pupil, and he was not favourable to Christianity, which he attacked in a speech, now lost together with all his others, but whose content may be inferred from Minucio Felice's Octavius, in which the accusations against Christians are drawn from his speech («Citrensis nostri testatur oratio»; «tuus Fronto»; Oct., 31, 1-2). His endorsement of the foolish accusations (onolatry, infanticide, orgies) demonstrates the superficiality of his critical judgment, placing him on the level of the ignorant rabble.

Of his works, the Discorsi are lost. There remain the Lettere to M. Aurelio, Lucio Vero, Antonino Pio, and his friends; and the minor works: De eloquentia, De bello Parthico, De ovationibus, Principia historiae, Laudes fumi et pulveris, Laudes negligentiae, De feris Absentibus, Arian.

BIBL.: The only manuscript is a sixth-century palimpsest discovered by A. Mai in the Ambrosiana (1813), supplemented by ms. Vat. 5750. The best edition is that of A. Neher, 1867. G. Boisier, Marc-Aurèle et les lettres de Fronton, in Revue des deux mondes, 1 Apr. 1868; A. Klotz, Klassicismus und Ardeismus, in Arch. für laxen. Lexikographie, 13 (1907), p. 401 ff.; A. Beltrami, Le tendenze letterarie negli scritti di F., Roma-Milano 1907; D. Brach, Studies in Fronto and his age, Cambridge 1911.

Nicola Turchi

Cite this article

“FRONTONE, MARCO AURELIO.” Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. V (1950), p. 1069. Azione Romana digital edition, https://azioneromana.com/article/frontone-marco-aurelio.