FRONTONE, MARCO AURELIO

Image from page 1069
Image from page 1069

FRONTO, MARCO AURELIO. — Orator, born ca. AD 100 in Cirta (Numidia), was tutor to M. Aurelius and L. Verus; consul in 143. His greatest renown did not come from his mediocre writings in poetry and prose, but from the close friendship he enjoyed with M. Aurelius, who calls him “magister dulcissimus” (Ep. i, 7).

He valued literature more than philosophy, from which he vainly sought to divert his imperial pupil, and he was not favorably disposed toward Christianity, which he attacked in a now-lost speech, along with all his other works; its content, however, can be inferred from the Octavius of Minucius Felix, in which the accusations against Christians are drawn from Fronto’s discourse (“Cittinesi nostri testatur oratio”; “tuus Fronto”: Oct., 31, 1–2). By endorsing such foolish accusations (worship of an ass, infanticide, orgies), he demonstrates the superficiality of his critical judgment, placing him on the level of ignorant common folk.

Of his works, the Discourses are lost. Surviving are the Letters to M. Aurelius, Lucius Verus, Antoninus Pius, and friends; the treatises: De eloquentia, De bello Parthico, De orationibus, Principia historiae, Laudes frugi et pulveris, Laudes negligentiae, De feriis Alsiensibus, and Arian.

Bibl.: The sole manuscript is a palimpsest of the 6th century from A. Mai in the Ambrosiana (1815), supplemented by Vat. 5750. The best edition is by A. Naber, 1867. G. Boissier, Marc-Aurèle et les lettres de Fronton, in Revue des deux mondes, 1, 1885; A. Klotz, Klassizismus und Archaismus, in Arch. für latein. Lexikographie, 15 (1907), pp. 401 ff.; A. Beltrami, Le tendenze letterarie negli scritti di F., Roma-Milano 1907; D. Brach, Studies in Fronto and his Age, Cambridge 1911.