Esther entertayning the king and Aman againe at a feast, is promised to obtaine, whatsoeuer she wil aske. 3. she demandeth saftie for her self, and al the people, against Amans crueltie, 6. and Aman is hanged on the gallowes, which he had prepared for Mardocheus.
1So the king and Aman went in, to drink with the queen.Al re adunque, e Aman andarono a cena nell'appartamento della regina.THE king therfore and Aman went in, to drinke with the queene.Intravit itaque rex et Aman, ut biberent cum regina. 2And the king said to her again the second day, after he was warm with wine: What is thy petition, Esther, that it may be granted thee? and what wilt thou have done: although thou ask the half of my kingdom, thou shalt have it.E il re anche questa volta le disse, quando fu riscaldato dal vino: Che domandi tu, o Esther, e che vuoi, che si faccia? Quand'anche tu chiedessi la metà del regno mio, la avrai.And the king said to her also the second day, after he was warme with wine: What is thy petition Esther that it may be geuen thee? and what wilt thou haue done? although thou shalt aske the half part of my kingdome, thou shalt obteyne.Dixitque ei rex etiam secunda die, postquam vino incaluerat: Quæ est petitio tua, Esther, ut detur tibi ? et quid vis fieri ? etiam si dimidiam partem regni mei petieris, impetrabis. 3Then she answered: If I have found favour in thy sight, O king, and if it please thee, give me my life for which I ask, and my people for which I request.Ed ella gli rispose: Se io ho trovato grazia negli occhi tuoi, o re, e se così a te piace, salvami la vita mia, per cui ti prego, e il popol mio, per cui ti chieggo grazia.To whom she answered, If I haue found grace in thyne eies ô king, and if it please thee, geue me my life for the which I make request, and my people for the which I besech.Ad quem illa respondit: Si inveni gratiam in oculis tuis o rex, et si tibi placet, dona mihi animam meam pro qua rogo, et populum meum pro quo obsecro. 4For we are given up, I and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish. And would God we were sold for bondmen and bondwomen: the evil might be borne with, and I would have mourned in silence: but now we have an enemy, whose cruelty redoundeth upon the king.Perocché e io, e il mio popolo siamo stati venduti alla distruzione, alla strage, allo sterminio: e fossimo noi almeno venduti per ischiavi, e per ischiave; tollerabil sarebbe tal male, e io gemerei in silenzio: ma ora abbiam per nimico un uomo, la crudeltà del quale cade sopra del re.For we are deliuered I and my people, to be destroyed, murdered, and to perish. And would God we were sold for bondmen and bondwemen: it were a tolerable euil, and mourning I would hold my peace: but now it is our enemie, whose crueltie redoundeth vpon the king.Traditi enim sumus ego et populus meus, ut conteramur, jugulemur, et pereamus. Atque utinam in servos et famulas venderemur: esset tolerabile malum, et gemens tacerem: nunc autem hostis noster est, cujus crudelitas redundat in regem.
5And king Assuerus answered and said: Who is this, and of what power, that he should do these things?E il re Assuero rispose, e disse: Chi è costui, che tanto può, e ardisce di far questo?And king Assuetus answering, said: Who is this, and of what might, that he dare doe these things?Respondensque rex Assuerus, ait: Quis est iste, et cujus potentiæ, ut hæc audeat facere ? 6And Esther said: It is this Aman that is our adversary and most wicked enemy. Aman hearing this was forthwith astonished, not being able to bear the countenance of the king and of the queen.Esther gli disse: Nemico nostro, e persecutore pessimo egli è questo Aman. Ciò udendo quegli rimase stupido, né potea sostenere gli sguardi del re, e della regina.And Esther said: It is this Aman out aduersarie and most wicked enemie. Which he hearing forthwith was astonished, not enduring to beare the countenance of the king and of the queene.Dixitque Esther: Hostis et inimicus noster pessimus iste est Aman. Quod ille audiens, illico obstupuit, vultum regis ac reginæ ferre non sustinens. 7But the king being angry rose up, and went from the place of the banquet into the garden set with trees. Aman also rose up to entreat Esther the queen for his life, for he understood that evil was prepared for him by the king.E il re sdegnato si alzò, e dal luogo del convito passò in un giardino piantato di alberi. Aman parimente si alzò per raccomandare la sua vita alla regina; perocché comprese, che il re meditava la sua rovina.But the king being wrath rose vp, and from the place of the banket went into the garden set with trees. Aman also rose vp, to intreate Esther the queene for his life, for he vnderstood that there was euil prepared him of the king.Rex autem iratus surrexit, et de loco convivii intravit in hortum arboribus consitum. Aman quoque surrexit ut rogaret Esther reginam pro anima sua: intellexit enim a rege sibi paratum malum. 8And when the king came back out of the garden set with trees, and entered into the place of the banquet, he found Aman was fallen upon the bed on which Esther lay, and he said: He will force the queen also in my presence, in my own house. The word was not yet gone out of the king’s mouth, and immediately they covered his face.E quegli tornato dal giardino piantato di alberi, in entrando nel luogo del convito trovò Aman disteso sul letto, in cui giaceva Esther, e disse: Vuol egli ancora far violenza alla regina presente me in casa mia? E appena usci di bocca del re questa parola, che subitamente copersero a quello la faccia.Who when he was returned out of the garden set with trees, and had entered into the place of the banket, he found Aman to haue fallen vpon the bed, wherin Esther lay, and he said: The queene also he wil force in my presence, in my house. Neither was the word yet passed from the kings mouth, and immediatly they couered his face.Qui cum reversus esset de horto nemoribus consito, et intrasset convivii locum, reperit Aman super lectulum corruisse in quo jacebat Esther, et ait: Etiam reginam vult opprimere, me præsente, in domo mea. Necdum verbum de ore regis exierat, et statim operuerunt faciem ejus.
9And Harbona, one of the eunuchs that stood waiting on the king, said: Behold the gibbet which he hath prepared for Mardochai, who spoke for the king, standeth in Aman’s house, being fifty cubits high. And the king said to him: Hang him upon it.E Harbona uno degli eunuchi, che servivano il re, disse: Ecco là in casa di Aman il patibolo, che egli aveva apprestato per Mardocheo, che aveva parlato per salute del re, ed è alto cinquanta cubiti. E il re gli disse: Appiccatelo a quello.And Harbona, one of the eunuches which stood wayting on the king, sayd: Behold the gibbet, which he had prepared for Mardocheus, that spake for the king, standeth in Amans house, hauing in height fiftie cubites. To whom the king said: Hang him vpon it.Dixitque Harbona, unus de eunuchis, qui stabant in ministerio regis: En lignum quod paraverat Mardochæo, qui locutus est pro rege, stat in domo Aman, habens altitudinis quinquaginta cubitos. Cui dixit rex: Appendite eum in eo. 10So Aman was hanged on the gibbet, which he had prepared for Mardochai: and the king’s wrath ceased.Fu pertanto Aman appeso al patibolo, che egli aveva preparato a Mardocheo, e l'ira del re si calmò.Aman therfore was hanged on the gibbet, which he had prepared for Mardocheus: and the kings wrath ceased.Suspensus est itaque Aman in patibulo quod paraverat Mardochæo: et regis ira quievit.
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Year of the World 3495.
Drink. Wine was only used at great feasts, Ecclesiasticus 31:17. Water was served up first, from the river Choaspes only. The king and his eldest son were allowed to drink of "the golden waters," of which they alone had 70 fountains. (Athen. 12:2.)
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Worthington
People. She was more concerned for these than for half of the kingdom. Hence all fasted and prayed, and Esther obtained their deliverance. (Worthington)
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Haydock
Perish. Three terms of the same import express the greatness of the misery. (Haydock)
Haydock
King. Whose revenue will be greatly impaired, (Calmet) and character injured, for having given such power to a monster. (Haydock)
Calmet
The kings of Persia had taken many precautions not to be thus deluded, having appointed officers, who were styled "the eyes and ears" of the king, purposely to obtain all necessary information. But these eyes were often darkened; these ears were often deaf, (Calmet) and unwilling to act with fidelity; (Haydock) though their diligence in make secret transactions known, caused the people to look upon their kings as gods. (Apul. Mund. Cyrop. viii.) (Calmet)
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Haydock
What. Hebrew, "where, who durst entertain this design?" (Haydock)
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Worthington
Astonished. Horror of a guilty conscience is the first punishment. (St. Chrysostom) (Worthington)
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Calmet
Set. Hebrew, "of the palace," (Haydock) belonging to the queen. (Calmet)
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Haydock
My own. Hebrew, "will he force....in the house?" (Haydock)
Haydock
Those who know with what jealousy the Persians treated their wives, so as to punish with death those who crossed the road before the queens, (Plut. Artax.) or touched them, will not wonder at the indignation of Assuerus, (Calmet) though his suspicions were groundless. (Haydock)
Haydock
Aman wished to incline the queen to shew clemency, (Menochius) and intercede for him. He threw himself as a suppliant at her feet, as she lay on the bed at table. (Haydock)
Curtius vi
Face. His crime was notorious; no trial was requisite, and the kings could treat their subjects as slaves. It was customary to cover the faces of those who were led to execution. Philotas was thus conducted into the presence of Alexander. (Curtius vi.)
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Haydock
Harbona. Cr.[Greek?], "Bougathan." (Haydock)
Jos.[Josephus?]
He had been to call Aman to the feast. (Jos.[Josephus?])
Worthington
Little dependance is to be had on false friendship, when a man is disgraced. (Worthington)
Curtius ix
Upon it. His body was perhaps afterwards exposed in the street, Esther 16:18. It is not clear that he was nailed to the cross, though this custom prevailed in the country, 1 Esdras 6:11. Alexander crucified many satraps. (Curtius ix.)
Calmet
The old Vulgate observes that the wife and ten children of Aman suffered with him, Esther 9:6. (Calmet)
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After threedayes fast of al the Iewes with prayers and other workes of penance, Esther asked and obtained the saftie of the whole people more precious to her then halfe of the kingdom.
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Horrour of a guiltie conscience is commonly the first torment of a sinner. S. Chrissocons. 4. de Lagaro.
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VVhat litle trust in false freindshipe, when bad men once fal into disgrace.
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sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. On the Duties of the Clergy 3.21
… The king of Persia himself also, though fierce and proud, yet thought it seemly to show honour to the man who had given information about a plot which had been laid against himself, to save a free people from slavery, to snatch them from death, and not to spare him who had pressed on such unseemly plans. So finally he handed over to the gallows
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Afraate † 346 d.C. Aphrahat: Select Demonstrations 21.20
… Before Mordecai, Haman proclaimed, Thus shall it be done to the man, in honouring whom the king is pleased ; and as for Jesus, His preachers came out of the People that persecuted Him, and they said:— This is Jesus the San of God. The blood of Mordecai was required at the hand of Haman and his sons;
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 22.21
… As soon as the Son of God set foot upon the earth, He formed for Himself a new household there; that, as He was adored by angels in heaven, angels might serve Him also on earth. Then chaste Judith once more cut off the head of Holofernes. Then Haman—whose name means iniquity—was once more burned in fire of his own kindling.
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2. POSTQUAM VINO INCALUERAT. Darius enim fuit vini bibax. Unde ejus sepulcro inscriptum fuit hoc elogium: « Possum multum vini bibere, illudque recte ferre, » teste Athenaeo, lib. X. Idem et de ipso Cyrus minor praedicabat, ut Plutarchus in Artaxerxe commemorat. « Cambysen regem, » quemadmodum Seneca, lib. III De ira, cap. xiv, scribit, « nimis deditum vino Praexaspes unus e carissimis monebat, ut parcius biberet, turpem esse dicens ebrietatem in Rege, quem oculi omnium auresque sequerentur. Ad hoc ille: Et scies, inquit, quemadmodum nunquam excidam mihi, approbabo jam, et oculos post vinum in officio esse et manus. Bibit deinde liberalius quam alias, et capacioribus scyphis; et jam gravis et vinolentus, objurgatoris sui filium procedere ultra limen jubet, allevataque super caput sinistra manu stare. Tunc intendit arcum, et ipsum cor adolescentis (id enim se petere dixerat) figit, recisoque pectore, haerens in ipso corde spiculum ostendit: ac respiciens patrem, an satis certam haberet manum, interrogavit. At ille negavit Apollinem potuisse certius mittere. Dii illum male perdant, animo magisque conditione. » Hucusque Seneca.
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3. DONA MIHI ANIMAM MEAM, id est vitam meam. Acre fuit hoc telum, quo percussit Esther Assuerum, et magis Amanum, q. d. Aman iste fraude a te obtinuit, ut occideret omnes Judaeos; quare et ego quae sum Judaea ab eo occidenda sum, sicque tu privaberis me regina, meoque toro, quem tantopere ambivisti et ambis. Non tanta ergo in me quam in te, o Assuere mi rex et marite, Aman iste injurius et violentus est, aeque ac subdolus, ac fraudulentus.
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4. ATQUE UTINAM IN SERVOS ET FAMULAS VENDEREMUR, ut vita nobis condonata, saltem Regi et Persis famulari et ancillari possemus! NUNC AUTEM HOSTIS NOSTER EST (qui me et Judaeos omnes vult spoliare vita), CUJUS CRUDELITAS REDUNDAT IN REGEM, tum quia per suum edictum necis Judaeorum, qui ingentibus tributis ejus aerarium locupletant, quique plurimas operas regi praestant, et ex quibus multos validosque milites pro sui, regnique tutela conscribere valet; imo quos velut sapientes provinciis suis praeficere potest, uti praefectus fuit Daniel cum tribus sociis. In ea injuria, et plurimis aliis nationibus, quae ex Judaeis, tu Assuere, percipis, et majora percipere potes, privat te Aman. Idem gravem et perennem infamiam tibi conflat apud omnes gentes, quod gentem nostram innoxiam, imo bene de te meritam funditus extermines, in te ergo vel maxime crudelitas Amani Judaeorum petens exterminium redundat.
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6. DIXITQUE ESTHER: HOSTIS ET INIMICUS NOSTER PESSIMUS ISTE EST AMAN. Nota hic magnanimitatem Estheris, qua non absentem Amanum secreto, uti faciunt timidae et viles mulierculae, sed praesentem palam coram Assuero accusat, ut ipse sciat accusationem esse sinceram et veram, quam Aman negare non possit: unde inopinata hac accusatione, quasi fulmine ictus Aman obstupuit et obmutuit. Discant ab Esthere principes magnorum potentiam et insolentiam non metuere, sed premere et calcare. Hoc regum est. Vere Seneca in Hercule furente: « Ars prima regni est posse et invidiam pati. » Et in Oedipo: « Odia qui nimium timet, / Regnare nescit. » Et in Theb. « Simul ista mundi conditor posuit Deus / Odium atque regnum. »
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8. REPERIT AMAN SUPER LECTUM (non nocturnum ad somnum, sed convivalem, in quo mensa accumbebant) CORRUISSE, IN QUO JACEBAT ESTHER, ut supplex ad genua ejus provolutus ab ea postularet vitam sibi donari. Unde S. Athanasius in Synopsi: « Aman, inquit, cum regem moerore affectum, et ira commotum propter indignum contra Judaeos facinus vidisset, illo absente, reginae supplicavit, ad genua illius procumbens. Rex cum ingressus videret Aman genua reginae contingere, suspicatus quod id turpitudinis causa faceret, jussit eum in ligno, » etc. Idem tradit Severus Sulpitius: « Deinde, inquit, regressus rex vidit Aman Reginae genua complexum. » Olim enim supplices tenebant genua ejus, cui supplicabant, quasi sedem misericordiae, idque ob quatuor causas quas fuse recensui, Exodi IV, 15. ET AIT (Rex): ETIAM REGINAM VULT OPPRIMERE, ME PRAESENTE. Dixit hoc rex, partim ex ira, partim ex zelotypia, qua deperibat Estherem; haec enim suspicax est mali et rivalium, etiam ubi re ipsa nil tale est, uti in Amano hic nihil erat. Suspicatur ergo Amanum velle Estherem opprimere, id est non tam vitae, quam pudicitiae ejus vim afferre, illectum eximia ejus forma, uti eadem illectum se sentiebat Assuerus. ET STATIM OPERUERUNT FACIEM EJUS. Ita faciebant illi, cui rex erat offensus, quasi qui indignus esset videre faciem regiam, et ne rex videns faciem sibi invisam ad majorem iram et indignationem commoveretur. Rursum operuerunt faciem Amani, quasi rei mortis et poene condemnati. Ita Lyranus; nam damnati ducebantur ad mortem oculis velatis, ne scilicet videntes patriam, cives, amicos, liberos, uxores non jam semel, sed septies mortem obirent. Sic jam reis capite mulctandis velantur oculi, ne videant gladium in cervicem suam vibrari, itaque expavescant, et ictum gladii cadendo declinent ac frustrentur. Hinc illa priscorum Judicum Romanorum in reum feralis sententia apud Livium et Ciceronem: « I, lictor, colliga manus, caput obnubito, verberato, arbori infelici (cruci) suspendito. »
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9. DIXITQUE HARBONA: EN LIGNUM QUOD PARAVIT MARDOCHAEO, QUI LOCUTUS EST PRO REGE, puta pro regis salute, detegens ei conjuratorum insidias. Harbona erat eunuchus, qui a rege missus ad accersendum Aman, ut secum iret ad convivium Estheris, ingrediens domum Amani, vidit in ea patibulum, et a domesticis, ait Josephus, intellexit Amanum illud erexisse Mardochaeo; unde id ipsum hic regi denuntiat, videns regem illi offensum, et Amano ob fastum, ut videtur, infensus, optansque eum e medio tolli et suspendi.
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10. SUSPENSUS EST ITAQUE AMAN, non in domo sua, sed in porta urbis Susorum, ut dicitur cap. xvi, vers. 18. Eo enim patibulum ex domo Aman translatum fuit ad majorem ejus ignominiam, ut omnibus ingredientibus et egredientibus urbem jam suspensus esset spectaculo et ludibrio, qui paulo ante ab omnibus adorabatur ut Deus. Gretserus, lib. I De cruce, cap. xix, suspicatur Amanum clavis fuisse cruci affixum; alii laqueo in collum injecto, uti jam fit; nil hac in re est certi. Illud certum, crucem hanc fuisse altam 50 cubitos, ut qui altissima petierat, altissime suspenderetur, omnibusque fieret conspicuus. Vide hic primo quanta efficaciae fuerint jejunia et preces Estheris, Mardochaei et Judaeorum; secundo, quam verum sit illud B. Virginis: « Deposuit potentes de sede, et exaltavit humiles; » tertio, quam mundana omnia sint instabilia et vana; ecce enim repente Aman summus fit imus, et Mardochaeus imus fit summus, nimirum impii et superbi « Tolluntur in altum, / Ut lapsu graviore ruant. » Quarto et proprie, quam malum, quod quis alteri struit inique, in instruentem revolvatur, ac in justo Dei judicio in ejus caput recidat. Crux enim parata Mardochaeo data fuit paranti Amano. Sic Phalaris Perillum suggerentem sibi, ut reos torqueret in bove aeneo igne subjecto, ut eorum mugitu aures suas oblectaret, primum in bovem conjecit, de quo Ovidius, lib. I De arte amandi: « Et Phalaris tauro violenti membra Perilli / Torruit: infelix imbuit auctor opus. » Addit exemplum Busiridis, qui Thrasum suggerentem, ut hospites suos immolaret Jovi ad impetrandam pluviam, ipsummet Thrasum immolavit: « Fies Jovis hostia primus, / Inquit, et Aegypto tu dabis hospes aquam. » Unde hoc epiphonemate concludit: « Neque enim lex justior ulla est; / Quam necis auctores arte perire sua. » Denique vide hic quanta sit mundi fallacia. Unde jure exclamat S. Bernardus, epist. 107: « O saeculum nequam, quod solos tuos sic soles beare amicos, ut Dei facias inimicos. Invenit Aman gratiam apud regem Assuerum; haec illi gratia crucem peperit. Invenit gratiam apud Absalonem Achitophel; haec illi suspendium attulit. » Et S. Augustinus, epist. 144 ad Anastasium: « Mundus iste, ait, periculosior est blandus, quam molestus, et magis cavendus cum se illum diligi, quam cum admonet cogitque contemni. » Ita videmus eos, qui magni sunt apud principes, sensim decidere, uti cecidit Sejanus, Achitophel, Aman, Joab, aliique plurimi. Qui sapit ergo, ante casum tempestive se ab aula abducat.
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… l'avversario dei servi di Dio; ma quando šāṭān, senz'articolo, indica un nemico umano (I Sam. 29, 4; II Sam. 19, 22; I Reg. 5, 4 [ebr. 18], e cf. 11, 14.23.25), è tradotto ἐπίβουλος «insidiatore». Διάβολος traduce šār e šōrēr («nemico»: Aman) in Esth. 7, 4 e 8, 1. Mentre la Volgata del Vecchio Testamento traslittera 5 volte satan, i Settanta accolgono oṇrā solo in I Reg. 11, 14, 23. Διάβολος ricorre anche in Sap. 2, 24 (origine …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.