NEP. - Abbreviation for Novaja ekonomičeskaja politika ("New Economic Policy"). When, as a consequence of the civil war and of war communism (an attempt at the immediate total realization of communism), Russia found itself facing economic collapse, Lenin saw himself compelled to alter the economic course.

Heavy industry and foreign trade remained nationalized, while, within certain limits and in retail trade, private capital was once again tolerated. The N. was decided upon at the Tenth Congress of the Bolshevik Party, in March 1921, and it extended until the era of industrialization and of the First Five-Year Plan. It was definitively abolished in 1928. The deviation from communist theory that lay at the basis of the N. had as a consequence the rise of a strong opposition within the Party, which broke out with particular violence after Lenin's death (v. BOLSCEVISMO; INTERNAZIONALE; LENIN).

Bibliography3 works

BIBL.: G. Manacorda, Il bolscevismo, 4th ed., Florence 1942; E. Lo Gatto, Storia della Russia, II, Florence 1946 (with bibliography); E. Hanisch, Geschichte Sowjetrusslands, Freiburg im Br. 1951.

Gustavo A. Wetter

@incollection{ec8_nep, author = {Wetter, Gustavo Andrea}, title = {Nep}, booktitle = {Enciclopedia Cattolica}, volume = {VIII}, pages = {1759--1760}, note = {Cited by column}, publisher = {Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico}, address = {Città del Vaticano}, year = {1952}, url = {https://azioneromana.com/article/nep} }

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