PANFILO. - Author of the writing falsely entitled *Panoplia dogmatica*, in which Severus of Antioch and Monophysitism are refuted. The author relies on Leontius of Byzantium (v.) and on Justinian’s *Confessio rectae fidei*. The work was composed between 560 and 630.
PANFILO, CEMETERY OF. - Located in that stretch of the Via Salaria Vetere now corresponding to Via Giovanni Paisiello. The *Notitia Ecclesiarum* recalls only the martyr P. at 24 steps underground; the *De locis* adds the martyrs Candido and Quirino with many others, but at 80 steps underground; the *Notitia portarum* recalls P. and Quirino at 70 steps of depth; the *Ensildense* mentions only the first, indicating that he was buried on the right side of the Via Salaria Vetere.
The cemetery was situated closer to Rome than that of Bassilia, on the same road, and further west than that of Massimo, located on the Salaria Nova. Identified on March 9, 1920, it consists of two main levels and an intermediate one. A part of the first level was explored on May 16, 1594, by Pompeo Ugonio and Antonio Bosio (A. Bosio, *Roma sotterranea*, Rome 1632, pp. 559-60); this area is later than the intermediate level and the second, situated at about 20 m. depth, which is accessed by a single-flight staircase of about 70 steps and thus struck the authors of the itineraries.
In the first level, the large cubiculum was rediscovered, with its vault supported by four masonry pillars and an arch with the nimbed divine Lamb between two sheep and the Ark of Noah with the raven and the dove (mid-4th century), already seen by P. Ugonio and A. Bosio. In the intermediate level, an intact gallery with the majority of loculi for children and many objects placed as recognition signs. The second level presents a regular excavation with many intact galleries and loculi closed by tiles, on which a layer of plaster was applied that often received inscriptions in red lead. Among these are noted those of a POPONIA with the anchor and the fish; of a BACCA XAPA ΦΙΑΙΜΙΟΝΟΣ ΨΥΧΗ; of a “Flavia Prima Aurelii Semini Amevania, Dominus refrigeret spiritum tuum, Miccirita Kara”; of a ΤΡΥΦΩΝ ΕΝ ΚΥΡΙΩ ΚΟΙΜ (στάχ.), that is, Tryphon who sleeps in the Lord; of an “Ilara Sepimania” to whom the invitation “pete pro me, pete pro marito tuo, pro Alexandria” is addressed; on the tomb of a Lucernio, servant of Christ, the cross is represented twice, the lamp and a lit candle, symbols of his name. On the tomb of the child Apronianete, who lived 5 years and 5 months, was inscribed: “Aproniane, crededisti in Deo, vives in XP (in Christo).” In a gallery, the wall previously occupied by loculi was later cut away to excavate a double cubiculum; in the second, against the back arch, a block altar was placed, revetted with porphyry and paonazzetto slabs, with a *fenestella* below. The plastered walls were covered with graffiti of presbyters (“Johannes, Grimoaldus, Istenanus, Anastasius”), of clerics “Martinus acolothus sanctae romanae ecclesiae,” “Paschalis neapolitanus,” and of a “Maiulus monachus peccator.” Lead lamp-holders and glass lamps were also found. This is undoubtedly the tomb of a martyr (P.?) who was deposited in this double cubiculum specially excavated for him. In the right wall, two seats were carved; the floor, entirely occupied by *formae*, in front of the two seats, a marble slab was found with the following epigraph composed of porphyry letters inserted: “In Deo partem omnipotentem fecit Vitalio libertus una cum Quodvuldeus domino suo Taeofilo et domine Pontianeti merentibus in refrigerium.” In the gallery leading to this double cubiculum, an apsidal niche was made in which the Madonna with the Child was painted, with the inscription in white letters “SCA DEI GENETRIX intercede PRO NOBIS,” of the same type as the image painted in a niche in the cemetery of St. Valentine (v.) on the Flaminia. Above were graffiti of presbyters: Gaido, Christophorus, and Andreas, the same who placed their names on the image of St. Luke (668-85) in Commodilla. But the image in this cemetery was barbarously defaced by the excavating workers in February 1920.
During the explorations, 64 Roman imperial coins were found, namely 55 in the second level, 8 in the intermediate, and 1 in the first level; the oldest is a sestertius of Trajan (581-117) found among the earth.
In situ in the second level, the latest datings are provided by seven specimens of an antoninianus of Aurelian and three denarii of Severina (270-75), all ten fixed in the same loculus; and by an antoninianus of Probus (276-82); in the intermediate level, coins in situ of Maximian Herculius and Galerius Caesar were found.