### ELTZ, JAKOB
Archbishop and prince, b. at Trier in 1510, d. there on 4 June 1587. Appointed Archbishop of Trier in 1567, he was the first German prince diligent in applying the Tridentine decrees, with the collaboration of the Jesuits, earning high praise from Pius V. In the administration of the diocese, he had as collaborator the chancellor Wimpfeling. E. was among the most effective defenders of Catholicism in the Rhenish Churches.
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### ELUL
The sixth month (counting from Nisan) of the Hebrew calendar, of 29 days (Aug.-Sept.). The name derives from the Assyrian *uliuli*. The current Arabic names in Palestine are: among Christians *olan*, *elul*; among Muslims: *fahir es-salib*; among Bedouins: *arwcal safar*. According to the Mishnah (*Rō’s ha-shanah*, I, 1), “the first of Elul is the New Year for the tithing of animals.” The Geonim recall the Mesopotamian custom of sowing legumes in a basket full of earth on the 7th and 14th of Elul; the basket was thrown into the water on the eve of the New Year (1 Tishri) as a substitutionary sacrifice (*Ras’a Sabah*, 81 b). On the 20th of Elul, the official deadline for the delivery of firewood to the Temple expires.
From the 2nd of Elul until the last day (29th), excluding however the 29th, the eve of the New Year, the shofar is sounded in the synagogue (*bphar*). After the evening prayer, Psalm 27 is recited. During the night following the last Sabbath before the New Year (at midnight or before dawn), the prayers of forgiveness (*salihot*) are recited. On the eve of the New Year, the absolution of forgotten unfulfilled vows (*hattarat nedarim*) takes place. If the New Year falls on Thursday or Friday (thus forcing the cooking of meals for the Sabbath, when such work is prohibited), the rite of “mixing cooked foods” (*tibah tabhihim*) is performed on the eve of the feast (29 Elul).