GODWIN, WILLIAM

GODWIN, William. — Born at Wisbeach on 3 March 1756, died in London on 7 April 1836. A restless spirit, after studying at the Dissenting College of Hoxton, he was appointed pastor of the Dissenting congregation at Ware. Later he became a Socinian.

His principal work is *An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Political Justice* (London 1793), in which he sets forth the extreme formulation of an “anarchic” individualism and a rationalistic abstractionism ranging from opposition to every pedagogy linked to government to the view of property and the marital union as stifling “freedom” (Godwin was also a vehement opponent of the mechanism of military life, of military castes, and even of military secrecy). After the death of his wife and former friend (1797), Mary Wollstonecraft (author of *A Vindication of the Rights of Women* [1792], which advocated the thesis of co-education), Godwin had to overcome a profound crisis. Remarried, he became a celebrated editor of children’s books.

BIBL.: for bibliography up to 1932 see B. Cellini, s. V. in Encic. Ital., XVII, p. 457; for further bibliography F. W. Bateson, *The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature*, II, Cambridge 1940, pp. 655–656; also: G. Woodcock, *W. G., a Biographical Study*, London 1946.