Protestantism
Protestantesimo · 94 articles · Principal contributors · All subjectsFigures (Personaggi)
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Adam, Melchior
ADAM, MELCHIOR. - Calvinist scholar, b. at Grottkau (Silesia) and d. in 1622 at Heidelberg, where he had taught since 1601. He published in… -
Adams, Thomas
ADAMS, THOMAS. - English Protestant preacher, b. ca. 1590, and d. ca. 1653. In 1612 he was an Anglican minister at Willington; in 1614 he… -
Alford, Henry
ALFORD, HENRY. - Anglican theologian of the "Broad Church," b. in London in 1810; from 1857 dean of Canterbury, where he d. in 1871. He… -
Allix, Pierre
ALLIX, PIERRE. - Protestant theologian and minister, b. at Alençon in 1641, d. in London on 3 March 1717. Esteemed as one of the most… -
Allut, Jean
ALLUT, JEAN. - One of the rebel Calvinists of the Cévennes known as Camisards, who were distinguished in the 18th century for their… -
Alsted, Johann Heinrich
ALSTED, JOHANN HEINRICH. - German Protestant theologian, b. in 1588 at Ballersbach (Nassau), d. at Weissenburg in 1638. In 1616 he was… -
Althamer, Andreas
ALTHAMER, ANDREAS. - Lutheran theologian and humanist, b. ca. 1500 at Brenz, near Gundelfingen (Württemberg) — whence also the appellations… -
Andersson, Lars
ANDERSSON, LARS. - Initiator of Protestantism in Sweden, known in Latin as Laurentius Andreae, b. ca. 1482, d. at Strengnäs on 14 April… -
Appia, Giorgio
APPIA, GIORGIO. - Waldensian pastor, son of Paolo, b. in 1827, d. in 1910. At Torre Pellice, between 1854 and 1855, A. founded a hospice… -
Aquila, Kaspar
AQUILA, KASPAR. - Lutheran theologian, b. in 1488 at Augsburg, where his father was mayor, and d. at Saalfeld in 1560. He completed his… -
Arbanasich, Pietro
ARBANASICH, PIETRO. - Sardinian apostate. In the culminating period of the Italian Risorgimento, he passed from Catholicism to… -
Arndt, Johann
ARNDT, JOHANN. - German Lutheran theologian and mystic, b. at Edderitz (Anhalt) on 27 Dec. 1555, d. at Celle (Hanover) on 11 May 1621. He… -
Arnold, Gottfried
ARNOLD, GOTTFRIED. - Protestant theologian, b. at Annaberg (Saxony) on 5 Sept. 1666, d. at Perleberg on 30 May 1714. He did his university… -
Asbury, Francis
ASBURY, FRANCIS. - Founder of American Methodism, b. in 1745 at Handsworth, near Birmingham, in England, d. in 1816 at Spotsylvania, near… -
Aubigné, Jean-Henri Merle d' (AUBIGNÉ, JEAN-HENRY MERLE D')
AUBIGNÉ, JEAN-HENRI MERLE D'. - Born in Geneva in 1794, died there in 1872. Son of the merchant L. Merle. The name d'Aubigné was added to… -
Baronius, Justus
BARONIUS, JUSTUS. - Protestant convert, b. at Xanten (Silesia) ca. 1570; the year and place of his death remain unknown. Educated in a… -
Baumgarten, Michael
BAUMGARTEN, MICHAEL. - Protestant theologian, b. at Haseldorf (Holstein), on 25 March 1812 and d. at Rostock on 21 July 1889. He… -
Baxter, Richard
BAXTER, RICHARD. - English Protestant theologian, b. at Rowton in 1615, d. in 1691. He was ordained an Anglican minister in 1638, but did… -
Bengel, Johann Albrecht
BENGEL, JOHANN ALBRECHT. - Protestant scholar, b. at Winnenden, in Württemberg in 1687, d. at Stuttgart in 1752. He was a minister of the… -
Berquin, Louis De
BERQUIN, LOUIS de. - A nobleman of Artois, b. at Passy, near Paris, in 1499, d. in 1529. His defection from Catholicism to Protestantism… -
Besant, Annie
BESANT, ANNIE. - Theosophist, b. in London on 1 Oct. 1847, d. at Adyar (Madras) on 20 Sept. 1933. From an Irish Protestant family, at the… -
Beza, Teodoro
BEZA, TEODORO. - Protestant scholar (Théodore de Bèze), disciple and collaborator of Calvin, b. at Vézelay (Burgundy) on 24 June 1519, d.… -
Biddle, Giovanni
BIDDLE, GIOVANNI. - English Protestant, called "Father of the English Unitarians", b. at Wotton-Under-Edge (Gloucestershire), d. in London… -
Biedermann, Alois Emanuel
BIEDERMANN, ALOIS EMANUEL. - Swiss Protestant theologian, b. at Bendlikon near Winterthur on 2 March 1819 and d. at Zurich on 25 Jan. 1885.… -
Blavatsky, Elena Petrovna
BLAVATSKY, ELENA PETROVNA. - Founder of the Theosophical Society, b. at Ekaterinoslav, in southern Russia, on 31 July 1831, d. in London on… -
Blondel, David
BLONDEL, DAVID. - Calvinist theologian and historian, b. at Châlons-sur-Marne in 1591, d. at Amsterdam on 6 April 1655. He began his… -
Booth, William
BOOTH, WILLIAM. - Social reformer and founder of the Protestant sect the "Salvation Army," b. at Nottingham on 10 April 1829, d. blind in… -
Borrhoaus (Borrhoic), Martin (BORRHAUS (BORRHAIC), MARTIN)
BORRHOAUS (BORRHOIC), MARTIN. - Protestant humanist and theologian, also known under the name Cellarius M., b. in Stuttgart in 1499, d. in… -
Brockhmand, Jesper Rasmussen
BROCKHMAND, JESPER RASMUSSEN. - Leader of the school of Lutheran theology in Denmark, from 1620 he was a professor at Copenhagen and from… -
Bull, George
BULL, GEORGE. - Anglican writer, b. at Wells on 25 March 1634, d. on 17 Feb. 1710. In 1680 Oxford declared him a "doctor" and, in 1705, he… -
Bullinger, Heinrich
BULLINGER, HEINRICH. - Swiss reformer, b. at Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau (Switzerland) on 18 July 1504 and d. at Zurich on 17 Sept.… -
Bushnell, Horatius
BUSHNELL, HORATIUS. - American Protestant writer, b. at Lichfield (Connecticut), 14 April 1802, d. at Hartford, 17 February 1876. He… -
Calvinus, Justus
CALVINUS, JUSTUS. - Controversialist, b. at Wetter (Hesse) in May 1572, d. at Mainz between 1616 and 1621. While attending the theology… -
Campello, Enrico
CAMPELLO, ENRICO. - Religious agitator, b. in Rome in 1831 to an old family from Spoleto, and d. there in 1902. Having entered the… -
Caracciolo, Galeazzo
CARACCIOLO, GALEAZZO. - Italian Protestant, b. in Naples in 1517, d. in Geneva on 7 May 1586. Among the Italian heretics of the sixteenth… -
Carey, William
CAREY, WILLIAM. - Protestant missionary, b. at Paulerspury in England, in the county of Northampton, in 1761, d. at Serampore in India in… -
Caspar, Erik
CASPAR, ERIK. - German Protestant historian, b. at Potsdam on 14 Nov. 1879, d. at Berlin on 22 Jan. 1935. After completing his secondary… -
Centuriators of Magdeburg (CENTURIATORI DI MAGDEBURGO)
CENTURIATORS OF MAGDEBURG. - This name is derived from the title of the work Ecclesiastica historia secundum singulas centurias per aliquot… -
Chalmers, Thomas
CHALMERS, THOMAS. - Theologian and economist, b. at Anstruther (Fife) in Scotland in 1780, d. in 1847. He did his studies at the University… -
Chemnitz, Martin
CHEMNITZ, MARTIN. - German Protestant theologian, one of the major representatives of Lutheran doctrine, whence the nickname alter Martinus… -
Claude, Jean
CLAUDE, JEAN. - Calvinist theologian and polemicist, b. at La Sauvetat (Agenois) in 1619, d. at The Hague in 1687. Son and grandson of… -
Cudworth, Ralph
CUDWORTH, RALPH. - English (Latitudinarian) philosopher and theologian, b. at Aller (Somersetshire) in 1617, d. 26 July 1688 at Cambridge.… -
Daille, Jean (Dallaeus)
DAILLE, JEAN (DALLAEUS). - Calvinist pastor, b. at Châtellerault on 6 Jan. 1594 and d. at Paris on 15 Apr. 1670. Barely eighteen years old,… -
De Sanctis, Luigi
DE SANCTIS, LUIGI. - Apostate, b. in Rome on 31 Dec. 1808 and d. in Florence on 31 Dec. 1869. Having entered, while still young, the… -
Diodati, Giovanni
DIODATI, GIOVANNI. - Protestant exegete, b. in Geneva in 1576 to an emigrated Lucchese family, and d. there on 3 Oct. 1649. At only 21… -
Duff, Alexander
DUFF, ALEXANDER. - Protestant missionary, b. in Scotland in 1806, d. there in 1878. Sent by the Scottish Church to India, he reached it in… -
Duplessis Mornay, Philippe (DU PLESSIS MORNAY, PHILIPPE)
DUPLESSIS MORNAY, PHILIPPE. - Calvinist writer, b. at Buhy in the Vexin on 5 Nov. 1549, d. at La Forêt-sur-Sèvre on 11 Nov. 1623. Drawn… -
Flacius (Vlacich), Matthias (FLACIO (VLACIC), MATTIA)
FLACIUS (VLACICH), MATTHIAS. - Protestant scholar, called F. Illyricus, b. at Albona (Istria) on 3 March 1520, d. at Frankfurt on 11 March… -
Fliedner, Theodor
FLIEDNER, THEODOR. - Founder of the Deaconess Work in the evangelical churches, b. at Eppstein (Nassau) on 21 Jan. 1800, d. at Kaiserswerth… -
Francke, August Hermann
FRANCKE, AUGUST HERMANN. - Protestant theologian and educator, b. at Lübeck on 12 March 1663, d. at Halle on 8 June 1727. He studied… -
Gerhard, Johann
GERHARD, JOHANN. - German Protestant theologian, b. at Quedlinburg on 17 Oct. 1582, d. at Jena on 17 Aug. 1637. Having undertaken… -
Godwin, William
GODWIN, WILLIAM. - Born at Wisbeach on 3 March 1756, died in London on 7 April 1836. A restless spirit, after studying at the "dissenting"… -
Gomar, François
GOMAR, FRANÇOIS. - Belgian Protestant theologian, b. at Bruges on 30 January 1563, d. at Groningen on 11 January 1641. He first studied at… -
Gregory, Caspar René
GREGORY, CASPAR RENÉ. - Protestant theologian and critic, b. in Philadelphia (U.S.A.) on 6 Nov. 1846. He studied there and at Princeton in… -
Gribaldo, Matteo (GRIBALDI, MATTEO)
GRIBALDO, MATTEO. - Italian jurist and reformer, b. at Chieri, in Piedmont, into the Gribaldi Mofa family, at the beginning of the 16th… -
Guglielmo Di Hindernissen
GUGLIELMO di HINDERNISSEN. - Carmelite, prior at Mechelen, then at Brussels, and head, together with Giles Cantor, of the sect of the "men… -
Harnack, Adolf von
HARNACK, ADOLF von. - Protestant theologian, b. at Dorpat (Livonia) on 7 May 1851, d. at Heidelberg on 10 June 1930. Professor at Giessen,… -
Hengstenberg, Ernst Wilhelm
HENGSTENBERG, ERNST WILHELM. - Principal representative of "orthodox" (positiv, positiv-gläubig) Protestant theology and exegesis in the… -
Hoffmann, Melchior
HOFFMANN, MELCHIOR. - Anabaptist, b. at Schäwbach-Hall around 1500, d. at Strasbourg in 1543. A modest furrier, H. was so struck by… -
Irving, Edward
IRVING, EDWARD. - Protestant pastor, b. at Annan (Scotland) on 4 Aug. 1792, d. at Glasgow on 7 Dec. 1834. In 1819 he was appointed… -
Janni, Ugo
JANNI, UGO. - Religious writer and agitator, b. in 1869 at L'Aquila in the Abruzzi, d. at San Remo on 30 July 1938. Ordained a priest at… -
Junius, François (François du Jon) (IUNIUS, FRANÇOIS (FRANÇOIS DU JON))
JUNIUS, François (François du Jon). - Protestant theologian and philologist, b. at Bourges on 1 May 1545, d. at Leiden on 13 Oct. 1602.… -
Keble, John
KEBLE, JOHN. - Anglican theologian, preacher and poet, b. at Fairford in Gloucestershire on 25 April 1792, d. at Bournemouth on 29 March… -
Knox, John
KNOX, JOHN. - Principal architect and historian of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland. His place and date of birth are uncertain… -
Kopfel, Wolfgang (KÖPFEL, WOLFANG)
KOPFEL, WOLFGANG. - Protestant theologian and reformer, b. at Hagenau in Alsace in 1478, d. at Strasbourg on 4 Nov. 1541. He studied at the… -
Kuyper, Abraham
KUYPER, ABRAHAM. - Dutch theologian and politician, b. at Maassluis on 29 Oct. 1837 and d. at The Hague on 8 Nov. 1920. After completing… -
Lampe, Friedrich Adolf
LAMPE, FRIEDRICH ADOLF. - Reformed Protestant theologian, b. at Detmold (Bremen) on 18 Feb. 1683, d. at Bremen in 1729. His university… -
Latimer, Hugh (LATIMER, HUG)
LATIMER, HUGH. - Anglican bishop, one of the leaders of the English "reformation," b. at Thurcaston (Leicestershire) ca. 1480-90, d. at… -
Laud, William
LAUD, WILLIAM. - Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Reading on 7 Oct. 1573, d. beheaded in London on 10 Jan. 1645. Ordained minister… -
Lea, Henry Charles
LEA, HENRY CHARLES. - Protestant historian and publisher, b. 19 Sept. 1825 in Philadelphia, d. there 24 Oct. 1909. He entered his father's… -
Liddon, Henry Parry
LIDDON, HENRY PARRY. - Anglican canon of St. Paul's Cathedral in London and preacher, b. at North Stoneham (Hampshire) on 20 Aug. 1829, d.… -
Mainardi, Agostino
MAINARDI, AGOSTINO. - An Augustinian who went over to the "Reformation" and then became pastor at Chiavenna, in the Grisons, b. in 1482 at… -
Margaret Of Angoulême, Queen Of Navarre (MARGHERITA D'ANGOULÊME, REGINA DI NAVARRA)
MARGARET OF ANGOULÊME, Queen Of Navarre. - Duchess of Alençon, then queen of Navarre, b. at Angoulême on 11 Apr. 1492, d. at… -
Marot, Clément
MAROT, CLÉMENT. - French poet, b. at Cahors on 23 Nov. 1496, d. at Turin on 12 Sept. 1544. A page of Villeroy, he was later valet de… -
Melanchthon, Philipp (MELANTONE, FILIPPO)
MELANCHTHON, PHILIPP. - Collaborator and friend of Luther, b. at Bretton (Palatinate) on 16 Feb. 1497, d. at Wittenberg on 16 Apr. 1560. Of… -
Menno, Simons
MENNO, SIMONS. - Founder of the Mennonites, b. at Witmarsum (Holland) ca. 1496, d. at Aldesloe (Holstein) in 1559. Ordained priest in 1515… -
Micanzio, Fulgenzio
MICANZIO, FULGENZIO. - Servite, b. at Passirano (Brescia) on 8 June 1570, d. at Venice on 7 Feb. 1654. Having gone to Venice for the sake… -
Monod
MONOD. - Family of French Protestant theologians. ADOLPHE, b. in Copenhagen on 21 Jan. 1802, d. in Paris on 6 Apr. 1856, founded the French… -
Negri, Francesco
NEGRI, FRANCESCO. - A monk who became a Protestant, b. at Bassano in 1500 into the noble Buonamonti family (a surname he abandoned for that… -
Ochino, Bernardino
OCHINO, BERNARDINO. - Apostate, b. in Siena in the contrada dell'Oca (whence his name O.) in 1487 to a poor family, d. at Slavkov (Moravia)… -
Osiander (Osiander), Andreas (OSIANDRO (OSIANDER), ANDREA)
OSIANDER (OSIANDER), ANDREAS. - Protestant theologian, b. 19 Dec. 1498 at Gunzenhausen (Brandenburg), d. 17 Oct. 1552 at Königsberg. A… -
Paleario, Aonio
PALEARIO, AONIO. - Humanist and heretic (Antonio Paleari or Della Paglia), born at Veroli in 1503 to Matteo and Chiara Jannarilli, died on… -
Pfaff, Christoph Matthäus
PFAFF, CHRISTOPH MATTHÄUS. - Lutheran theologian, b. in Stuttgart on 24 Dec. 1686, d. in Giessen on 19 Nov. 1760. He promoted Pietism (v.)… -
Pfeffinger, Johann
PFEFFINGER, JOHANN. - Lutheran theologian, b. at Wasserburg am Inn on 27 Dec. 1493, d. at Leipzig on 1 Oct. 1573. A priest in the care of… -
Poliander (Graumann), Johann (POLIANDER (GRAUMANN) JOHANN)
POLIANDER (GRAUMANN), JOHANN. - Lutheran reformer, b. at Neustadt on the Main in 1487, d. at Königsberg in 1541. He studied at Leipzig and… -
Pusey, Edward Bouverie, Called (PUSEY, EDWARD BOUVERIE, DETTO)
PUSEY, Edward Bouverie, Called. - Anglican theologian, b. at Pusey (Berkshire, southwest of Oxford) on 12 Aug. 1800, d. at Ascot Priory… -
Renato, Camillo
RENATO, CAMILLO. - Pseudonym of an Italian anti-Trinitarian and Anabaptist heretic, b. in Sicily at the beginning of the 15th century, d.… -
Ritschl, Albrecht
RITSCHL, ALBRECHT. - Protestant theologian, b. in Berlin in 1822 and d. in Göttingen on 20 March 1889. He held a chair of theology at Bonn… -
Rogers, John
ROGERS, JOHN. - Regarded as the "proto-martyr of Protestantism" under Mary Tudor, b. at Birmingham in 1500, d. at London on 4 February… -
Simoni, Simone
SIMONI, SIMONE. - Protestant theologian and physician, b. perhaps in Lucca in 1532, d. in Kraków ca. 1602. He shared in all the theological… -
Viret, Pierre
VIRET, PIERRE. - The "reformer" of French-speaking Switzerland, b. at Orbe (Vaud) on 4 May 1511, d. at Orthez on 4 April 1571. In 1527 he… -
Williams, Roger
WILLIAMS, ROGER. - English Protestant polemicist and colonizer, founder of the State of Rhode Island, b. in London in 1603, d. at… -
Zanchi, Girolamo
ZANCHI, GIROLAMO. - Italian Protestant, b. at Alzano di Bergamo in 1516, d. at Heidelberg on 19 Nov. 1590. He entered the Canons Regular at… -
Zwingli, Huldrych
ZWINGLI, HULDRYCH. - Initiator of the Protestant "reformation" in Switzerland, b. 1 Jan. 1484 at Wildhaus (lordship of Tonnenberg, domain…