LANCELOT ANDREWES. - English theologian and Anglican bishop of Winchester, b. in 1555, d. 6 Sept. 1626. A student of Pembroke College, Cambridge, he was ordained in the Anglican rite in 1582 and soon distinguished himself as a skilled controversialist. Queen Elizabeth appointed him Dean of Westminster (1601), and King James, the theologian king, made extensive use of him in drafting works against Catholic doctrines. Among his sermons, eight on fasting deserve mention; they were preached during two successive Lenten seasons in the presence of Elizabeth and later of James I. When questioned about the "Lambeth Articles," which aimed to introduce Calvinist decrees on predestination into the Anglican Church, he succeeded in having them modified in a less intransigent direction. His name also heads the list of theologians involved in the "Authorized Version" of the Bible: *Biblia ex hebraeo et graeco in anglicum conversa servum, jussu et auspiciis Jacobi I, Magnae Britanniae Regis*, London 1612. The king wished to show his gratitude for services rendered and zeal in defending the Anglican Church by appointing him bishop, first of Chichester (1605), then of Ely (1609), and finally of Winchester (1619); and ABBATIA (v.) for the see of Canterbury. He was a man of great culture and learning—even his adversaries readily acknowledged this—simple and modest, entirely devoted to the triumph of his Church, upright and far removed from any flattery, even toward sovereigns.
He published only two works during his lifetime, both intended to defend James I in his controversy with St. Robert Bellarmine: *Tortura Torti, sive ad Matthaei Torti librum responsio*, London 1609, in which, by royal commission, he responded to the writing that Bellarmine had published under the name of his secretary Matteo Torto, condemning the oath imposed by James I on Catholics; and *Responsio ad Apologiam card. Bellarmini*, London 1610, to counter the cardinal’s reply to the first work. Andrewes, who was the most perfect type of the High Church theologian, defended Anglican doctrine against papal supremacy; but he also attacked communion under one kind, private Masses, the use of Latin in the liturgy, etc. The other works, left in manuscript—sermons, devotional manuals, theological questions—were published after his death, and the collection was reprinted in Oxford, beginning in 1841 in the *Library of Anglo-catholic Theology*.