KAULEN, FRANZ PHILIPP. - German Catholic exegete of wide theological, philological, and historical learning, rigorously conservative, b. Düsseldorf 20 March 1827, d. Bonn 11 July 1907. Ordained priest in 1850, he became a theological tutor at Bonn in 1859 and took his doctorate at Würzburg (1862) with a dissertation on Jonah. He became Privatdozent in 1863, extraordinary professor in 1880, and ordinary professor of the Old Testament at Bonn in 1883; in 1882 he was named Domestic Prelate of His Holiness and in 1903 a member of the Pontifical Biblical Commission; but in the same year he was obliged to retire from teaching because of a cerebral hemorrhage. During the first phase of his teaching, in the period of the Kulturkampf, he rendered distinguished service to the Catholic cause by, together with Floss and Th. Simar, upholding all the theological lectures at the University of Bonn.
His principal work as an exegete, first published in 1876 and then in five editions (the last edited by G. Hoberg) up to 1911, is the *Einleitung in die Hl. Schrift des Alten und Neuen Testaments*. Traditional material is abundantly set forth, but modern problems are only lightly touched upon, so that the characteristic of the work is to hold firmly to the line of traditional principles. Another major work concerns the Vulgate: *Geschichte der Vulgata* (1868), followed by *Sprachliches Handbuch zur Vulgata* (2nd ed., 1904); noteworthy is his distinction between the authentic character of the Vulgate in general, abstracting from particular manuscripts and editions, and the official character of the *sitz-im-elementa*. A third notable work occupied him from 1880 to 1901, namely the 2nd edition of the *Kirchenlexikon* by H. J. Wetzler and B. Welte.
Other publications: *Linguae Mandschuricae institutiones* (1856); *Die Sprachverwirrung zu Babel* (1861); *Liber Ionae* (1862); *Aphorismen über katholische Behandlungen der Bibel* (under a pseudonym, 1862); *Assyrien und Babylonien nach den neuesten Entdeckungen* (5th ed., 1899); *Die Altertümer des Flavius Josephus* (3rd ed., 1892); *Der biblische Schöpfungsbericht* (1902).