NICHOLAS II, Tsar of Russia. - B. 19 May 1868, he succeeded Alexander III on 2 Nov. 1894.
Gifted with intelligence and cultured, he set out from his accession to power to work for the prosperity of his country. Unfortunately he lacked the will and the firmness to put his noble intentions into practice.
Of a peaceful character, from the day of his coronation (27 May 1896) he set himself the project of avoiding international conflicts by peaceful means and through disarmament. He nevertheless had to endure two bloody wars (that against Japan, 1904-1905, and the First World War), both unfortunate for Russia. His reign was distinguished internally by many innovations: 1) the settling of finances with the adoption of the gold standard; 2) freedom of conscience; 3) the parliamentary regime (Duma of the Empire) introduced on 30 Oct. 1905; 4) the outline of an agrarian reform of great scope; 5) compulsory education.
A convinced and fervent Christian, N. planned the reform of the laws that regulated relations with the Vatican, destined to bring great advantages to both parties. Having married Princess Alice of Hesse-Darmstadt (Empress Alexandra), he had 5 children by her. Forced to abdicate on 15 March 1917, N. was arrested together with his family and deported first to Tobolsk in Siberia and then to Ekaterinburg in the Urals, where on 17 July 1918 he was massacred with his whole family by order of the Bolsheviks.
NICHOLAS II, TSAR of RUSSIA - Portrait.(from Almanach de Gotha 1895, pl. f. l.)Bibliography3 worksC. Rivet, Le dernier Romanof, Paris 1917; S. Buxhoevden, The life and tragedy of Alexandra Fedorovna empress of Russia, London 1928; S. Olde
BIBL.: C. Rivet, Le dernier Romanof, Paris 1917; S. Buxhoevden, The life and tragedy of Alexandra Fedorovna empress of Russia, London 1928; S. Oldenburg, Zarstovanie Imper. Nicolaia II, Belgrade 1936.
Kologrivof, Giovanni. “Nicola II, zar di russia.” In Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. VIII, coll. 1855–1856. Città del Vaticano: Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1952. https://azioneromana.com/article/nicola-ii-zar-di-russia.
MLA
Kologrivof, Giovanni. “Nicola II, zar di russia.” Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. VIII, Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1952, coll. 1855–1856. Azione Romana, https://azioneromana.com/article/nicola-ii-zar-di-russia.
BibTeX
@incollection{ec8_nicola_ii_zar_di_russia,
author = {Kologrivof, Giovanni},
title = {Nicola II, zar di russia},
booktitle = {Enciclopedia Cattolica},
volume = {VIII},
pages = {1855--1856},
note = {Cited by column},
publisher = {Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico},
address = {Città del Vaticano},
year = {1952},
url = {https://azioneromana.com/article/nicola-ii-zar-di-russia}
}
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