Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. John 83
83.1 Chapter XV. 11, 12 PL 35, 1844
1. You have just heard, beloved, the Lord saying to His disciples, “These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy might be in you, and that your joy might be full.” And what else is Christ’s joy in us, save that He is pleased to rejoice over us? And what is this joy of ours which He says is to be made full, but our having fellowship with Him? On this account He had said to the blessed Peter, “If I wash thee not, thou shall have no part with me.” His joy, therefore, in us is the grace He hath bestowed upon us: and that is also our joy. But over it He rejoiced even from eternity, when He chose us before the foundation of the world. Nor can we rightly say that His joy was not full; for God’s joy was never at any time imperfect. But that joy of His was not in us: for we, in whom it could be, had as yet no existence; and even when our existence commenced, it began not to be in Him. But in Him it always was, who in the infallible truth of His own foreknowledge rejoiced that we should yet be His own. Accordingly, He had a joy over us that was already full, when He rejoiced in foreknowing and foreordaining us: and as little could there be any fear intermingling in that joy of His, lest there should be any possible failure in what He foreknew would be done by Himself. Nor, when He began to do what He foreknew that He would do, was there any increase to His joy as the expression of His blessedness; otherwise His making of us must have added to His blessedness. Be such a supposition, brethren, far from our thoughts; for the blessedness of God was neither less without us, nor became greater because of us. His joy, therefore, over our salvation, which was always in Him, when He foreknew and foreordained us, began to be in us when He called us; and this joy we properly call our own, as by it we, too, shall yet be blessed: but this joy, as it is ours, increases and advances, and presses onward perseveringly to its own completion. Accordingly, it has its beginning in the faith of the regenerate, and its completion in the reward when they rise again. Such is my opinion of the purport of the words, “These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy might be in you, and that your joy might be made full:” that mine “might be in you;” that yours “might be made full.” For mine was always full, even before ye were called, when ye were foreknown as those whom I was afterwards to call; but it finds its place in you also, when ye are transformed into that which I have foreknown regarding you. And “that yours may be full:” for ye shall be blessed, what ye are not as yet; just as ye are now created, who had no existence before.
Audistis, charissimi, Dominum dicentem discipulis suis, Haec locutus sum vobis, ut gaudium meum in vobis sit, et gaudium vestrum impleatur. Quid est gaudium Christi in nobis, nisi quod dignatur gaudere de nobis? Et quid est gaudium nostrum quod dicit implendum, nisi ejus habere consortium? Propter quod beato Petro dixerat, Si non lavero te, non habebis partem mecum . Gaudium ergo ejus in nobis, gratia est quam praestitit nobis: ipsa est et gaudium nostrum. Sed de hac ille etiam ex aeternitate gaudebat, quando nos elegit ante constitutionem mundi . Nec recte possumus dicere quod gaudium ejus plenum non erat: non enim Deus imperfecte aliquando gaudebat. Sed illud ejus gaudium in nobis non erat: quia nec nos in quibus esse posset jam eramus; nec quando esse coepimus, cum illo esse coepimus. In ipso autem semper erat, qui nos suos futuros certissima suae praescientiae veritate gaudebat. Poinde gaudium jam ipse perfectum de nobis habebat, quando nos praesciendo et praedestinando gaudebat: neque enim ullus in illo ejus gaudio metus esse poterat, ne forte non fieret quod se facturum esse praesciebat. Sed neque cum id facere coepit, quod se facturum esse praescivit, gaudium ejus, quo beatus est, crevit; alioqui beatior factus est, quia nos fecit. Absit hoc, fratres: Dei beatitudo quia nec minor fuerat sine nobis, non fit major ex nobis. Gaudium igitur ejus de salute nostra, quod in illo semper fuit cum praescivit et praedestinavit nos, coepit esse in nobis quando vocavit nos; et hoc gaudium merito nostrum dicimus, quo et nos beati futuri sumus: sed hoc gaudium nostrum crescit et proficit, et ad suam perfectionem perseverando pertendit. Ergo inchoatur in fide renascentium, implebitur in praemio resurgentium. Ecce unde dictum existimo, Haec locutus sum vobis, ut gaudium meum in vobis sit, et gaudium vestrum impleatur: in vobis sit meum; impleatur vestrum. Semper enim erat meum plenum, et antequam vocaremini, cum vocandi a me praesciremini; sed fit et in vobis, cum hoc efficimini quod praescivi de vobis. Impleatur autem vestrum: quia beati eritis, quod nondum estis; sicut creati estis qui non fuistis.
83.2 PL 35, 1845
2. “This,” He says, “is my injunction, that ye love one another, as I have loved you.” Whether we call it injunction or commandment, both are the rendering of the same Greek word, entolé (ἐντολή). But He had already made this same announcement on a former occasion, when, as ye ought to remember, I repounded it to you to the best of my ability. For this is what He says there, “A new commandment I give unto you, that ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.” And so the repetition of this commandment is its commendation: only that there He said, “A new commandment I give unto you;” and here, “This is my commandment:” there, as if there had been no such commandment before; and here, as if He had no other commandment to give them. But there it is spoken of as “new,” to keep us from persevering in our old courses; here, it is called “mine,” to keep us from treating it with contempt.
Hoc est, inquit, praeceptum meum, ut diligatis invicem, sicut dilexi vos. Sive dicatur praeceptum, sive mandatum, ex uno verbo graeco utrumque interpretatur, quod est ἐντολή. Jamvero istam sententiam et antea dixerat, de qua me vobis, ut potui, disputasse meminisse debetis . Ibi enim sic ait, Mandatum novum do vobis, ut diligatis invicem, sicut dilexi vos, ut et vos diligatis invicem . Hujus itaque mandati repetitio, commendatio est: nisi quod ibi, Mandatum, inquit, novum do vobis; hic autem, Hoc est, inquit, mandatum meum: ibi, tanquam non fuerit ante tale mandatum; hic, tanquam non sit aliud ejus mandatum. Sed ibi dictum est novum, ne in vetustate nostra perseveremus: hic dictum est meum, ne contemnendum putemus.
83.3 PL 35, 1845
3. But when He said in this way here, “This is my commandment,” as if there were none else, what are we to think, my brethren? Is, then, the commandment about that love wherewith we love one another, His only one? Is there not also another that is still greater,—that we should love God? Or has God in very truth given us such a charge about love alone, that we have no need of searching for others? There are three things at least that the apostle commends when he says, “But now abide faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity.” And although in charity, that is, in love, are comprehended the two commandments; yet it is here declared to be the greatest only, and not the sole one. Accordingly, what a host of commandments are given us about faith, what a multitude about hope! who is there that could collect them together, or suffice to number them? But let us ponder the words of the same apostle: “Love is the fullness of the law.” And so, where there is love, what can be wanting? and where it is not, what is there that can possibly be profitable? The devil believes, but does not love: no one loveth who doth not believe. One may, indeed, hope for pardon who does not love, but he hopes in vain; but no one can despair who loves. Therefore, where there is love, there of necessity will there be faith and hope; and where there is the love of our neighbor, there also of necessity will be the love of God. For he that loveth not God, how loveth he his neighbour as himself, seeing that he loveth not even himself? Such an one is both impious and iniquitous; and he that loveth iniquity, manifestly loveth not, but hateth his own soul. Let us, therefore, be holding fast to this precept of the Lord, to love one another; and then all else that is commanded we shall do, for all else we have contained in this. But this love is distinguished from that which men bear to one another as such; for in order to mark the distinction, it is added, “as I have loved you.” And wherefore is it that Christ loveth us, but that we may be fitted to reign with Christ? With this aim, therefore, let us also be loving one another, that we may manifest the difference of our love from that of others, who have no such motive in loving one another, because the love itself is wanting. But those whose mutual love has the possession of God Himself for its object, will truly love one another; and, therefore, even for the very purpose of loving one another, they love God. There is no such love as this in all men; for few have this motive for their love one to another, that God may be all in all.
Quod autem hic ita dixit, Hoc est mandatum meum, velut non sit aliud, quid putamus, fratres mei? Numquidnam solum ejus de ista dilectione mandatum est, qua diligimus invicem? Nonne est et aliud majus, ut diligamus Deum? Aut vero de sola Deus nobis dilectione mandavit, ut alia non requiramus? Tria certe commendat Apostolus dicens: Manent autem fides, spes, charitas, tria haec: major autem horum charitas . Et si in charitate, hoc est in dilectione concluduntur duo illa praecepta; major tamen dicta est esse, non sola. De fide igitur nobis quam multa mandata sunt, quam multa de spe, quis potest cuncta colligere, quis enumerando sufficere? Sed intueamur quod ait idem apostolus, Plenitudo Legis charitas . Ubi ergo charitas est, quid est quod possit deesse? ubi autem non est, quid est quod possit prodesse? Daemon credit , nec diligit: nemo diligit, qui non credit. Frustra quidem, sed tamen potest sperare veniam qui non diligit: nemo autem potest desperare qui diligit. Itaque ubi dilectio est, ibi necessario fides et spes: et ubi dilectio proximi, ibi necessario etiam dilectio Dei. Qui enim non diligit Deum, quomodo diligit proximum tanquam seipsum; quandoquidem non diligit et seipsum? Est quippe impius et iniquus; qui autem diligit iniquitatem, non plane diligit, sed odit animam suam . Hoc ergo praeceptum Domini teneamus, ut nos invicem diligamus; et quidquid aliud praecepit, faciemus: quoniam quidquid est aliud hic habemus. Discernitur quippe ista dilectio ab illa dilectione qua se invicem diligunt homines sicut homines: nam ut discerneretur, adjunctum est, sicut dilexi vos. Utquid enim diligit nos Christus, nisi ut regnare possimus cum Christo? Ad hoc ergo et nos invicem diligamus, ut dilectionem nostram discernamus a caeteris, qui non ad hoc se invicem diligunt, quia nec diligunt. Qui autem se propter habendum Deum diligunt, ipsi se diligunt: ergo ut se diligant, Deum diligunt. Non est haec dilectio in omnibus hominibus: pauci se propterea diligunt, ut sit Deus omnia in omnibus .