Gods people neglecting his grace offered to them, more then to other nations, 6. are seuerely punished, 15. by captiuitie: 18. but are reserued 22. and repenting shal be released: 31. and their enimies destroyed.
1This is the book of the commandments of God, and the law, that is for ever: all they that keep it, shall come to life: but they that have forsaken it, to death.La sapienza è il libro de' comandamenti di Dio, e la legge, che dura in eterno: tutti color, che la osservano, giungono alla vita, e tutti quegli, che l'abbandonano, giungono alla morte.THIS is the booke of the commandments of God, and the law, that is for euer: al that hold it, shal come to life: but they that haue forsaken it, into death.Hic liber mandatorum Dei, / et lex quæ est in æternum: / omnes qui tenent eam pervenient ad vitam: / qui autem dereliquerunt eam, in mortem. 2Return, O Jacob, and take hold of it, walk in the way by its brightness, in the presence of the light thereof.Convertiti, Giacobbe, ed abbracciala, cammina al lume di essa per la strada, che ella addita.Returne Iacob, and take hold of it, walke by the way to the brightnes of it, against the light therof.Convertere, Jacob, et apprehende eam: / ambula per viam ad splendorem ejus contra lumen ejus. 3Give not thy honour to another, nor thy dignity to a strange nation.Non dare ad altri la tua gloria, e la tua dignità ad una nazione straniera.Deliuer not thy glorie to an other, & dignitie to a strange nation.Ne tradas alteri gloriam tuam, / et dignitatem tuam genti alienæ. 4We are happy, O Israel: because the things that are pleasing to God, are made known to us.Beati siam noi, o Israele, perché manifesto è a noi quello, che piace a Pio.We are blessed ô Israel: because the thinges that please God, are manifest to vs.Beati sumus, Israël, / quia quæ Deo placent manifesta sunt nobis. 5Be of good comfort, O people of God, the memorial of Israel:Fatti animo, popol di Dio, che la memoria conservi di Israele.Be of good comfort ô people of God, memorable Israel:Animæquior esto, populus Dei, memorabilis Israël: 6You have been sold to the Gentiles, not for your destruction: but because you provoked God to wrath, you are delivered to your adversaries.Voi siete stati venduti alle genti non per essere annichilati, ma perché irritaste l'ira di Dio foste dati in poter de' nemici;you are sold to the Gentiles, not into perdition: but for that in anger you prouoked God to wrath, you are deliuered to the aduersaries.venundati estis gentibus non in perditionem: / sed propter quod in ira ad iracundiam provocastis Deum, / traditi estis adversariis. 7For you have provoked him who made you, the eternal God, offering sacrifice to devils, and not to God.Imperocché voi esacerbaste corni, che vi creò, il Dio eterno, sacrificando a' demoni, e non a Dio;For you haue exasperated him, that made you, the eternal God, immolating to diuels, and not to God.Exacerbastis enim eum qui fecit vos, Deum æternum, / immolantes dæmoniis, et non Deo.
8For you have forgotten God, who brought you up, and you have grieved Jerusalem that nursed you.Imperocché vi dimenticaste di Dio, che vi nutricò, e affliggeste la nutrice vostra Gerusalemme;For you haue forgotten God, who hath nourished you, and your nource Ierusalem you haue made sorowful.Obliti enim estis Deum qui nutrivit vos, / et contristastis nutricem vestram Jerusalem. 9For she saw the wrath of God coming upon you, and she said: Give ear, all you that dwell near Sion, for God hath brought upon me great mourning:Imperocché ella vide l'ira di Dio, venir sopra di voi, e disse: udite, o città vicine di Sion, Dio mi ha mandato un gran dolore:For she saw the wrath comming from God to you, and she sayd: Heare ye confines of Sion, for God hath brought me great mourning:Vidit enim iracundiam a Deo venientem vobis, et dixit: / Audite, confines Sion: / adduxit enim mihi Deus luctum magnum. 10For I have seen the captivity of my people, of my sons, and my daughters, which the Eternal hath brought upon them.Imperocché ho io veduta là schiavitudine del popol mio, de' miei figli, e delle figlie, alla quale l'Eterno gli condannò:For I haue sene the captiuitie of my people, and of my sonnes, and daughters, which the euerlasting hath brought vpon them.Vidi enim captivitatem populi mei, / filiorum meorum et filiarum, / quam superduxit illis Æternus. 11For I nourished them with joy: but I sent them away with weeping and mourning.Imperocché io gli allevai con piacere; e gli ho lasciati con pianto: con dolore.For I nourished them with ioyfulnes: but I haue left them with weeping and mourning.Nutrivi enim illos cum jucunditate; / dimisi autem illos cum fletu et luctu. 12Let no man rejoice over me, a widow, and desolate: I am forsaken of many for the sins of my children, because they departed from the law of God.Nissun si allegri in vedermi vedova, e desolata: son rimasa abbandonata da molta gente pei peccati de' miei figliuoli, i quali deviarono dalla legge di Dio.Let no man reiovce ouer me a widow, and desolate: I am forsaken of manie for the sinnes of my children, because they haue declined from the law of God.Nemo gaudeat super me viduam et desolatam: / a multis derelicta sum propter peccata filiorum meorum, / quia declinaverunt a lege Dei. 13And they have not known his justices, nor walked by the ways of God’s commandments, neither have they entered by the paths of his truth and justice.E ignoravano i suoi precetti, non battevan la strada de' comandamenti di Dio, né colla giustizia camminarono pe' sentieri della sua verità.And his iustices they haue not knowne, nor walked by the wayes of Gods commandments, neither haue they entered by the pathes of his truth and iustice.Justitias autem ipsius nescierunt, / nec ambulaverunt per vias mandatorum Dei, / neque per semitas veritatis ejus cum justitia ingressi sunt.
14Let them that dwell about Sion come, and remember the captivity of my sons and daughters, which the Eternal hath brought upon them.Vengan le vicine di Sion, e meco facciano ricordanza della schiavitudine de' miei figli, e delle figlie, nella quale gli ha condotti l'Eterno;Let the borderers of Sion come, and remember the captiuitie of my sonnes & daughters, which the euerlasting hath brought vpon them.Veniant confines Sion, / et memorentur captivitatem filiorum et filiarum mearum, / quam superduxit illis Æternus. 15For he hath brought a nation upon them from afar, a wicked nation, and of a strange tongue:Imperocché mandò egli contro di loro una nazione rimota, nazione perversa, e di lingua ignota;For he hath brought vpon them a nation from a farre, a wicked nation, and of an other tongue:Adduxit enim super illos gentem de longinquo, / gentem improbam, et alterius linguæ, 16Who have neither reverenced the ancient, nor pitied children, and have carried away the beloved of the widow, and have left me all alone without children.I quali non hanno avuto rispetto pei vecchi, né misericordia pe' fanciulli, e hanno menati via i cari della vedova, e priva di figli la hanno lasciati in desolazione.which haue not reuerenced the ancient, nor pitied the children, & haue led away the beloued of the widow, and made the sole woman desolate of children.qui non sunt reveriti senem, / neque puerorum miserti sunt, / et abduxerunt dilectos viduæ, / et a filiis unicam desolaverunt. 17But as for me, what help can I give you?E qual ajuto recarvi poss'io?But as for me what can I helpe you?Ego autem, quid possum adjuvare vos ? 18But he that hath brought the evils upon you, he will deliver you out of the hands of your enemies.Ma colui, che mandò sopra di voi questi mali, egli vi libererà dalle mani de' vostri nemici.For he that hath brought the euils vpon you, he wil deliuer you out of the handes of your enemies.qui enim adduxit super vos mala, / ipse vos eripiet de manibus inimicorum vestrorum. 19Go your way, my children, go your way: for I am left alone.Andate figli, andate, ed io mi resti pur sola.walke children, walke: for I am left alone.Ambulate, filii, ambulate: / ego enim derelicta sum sola. 20I have put off the robe of peace, and have put upon me the sackcloth of supplication, and I will cry to the most High in my days.Mi sono spogliata del manto di pace, e mi son vestita del sacco di supplichevole, e alzerò mie grida all'Altissimo per i tutti i miei giorni,I haue put of the stole of peace, and I haue put vpon me the sackcloth of prayer, and I wil crie to the Highest in my dayes.Exui me stola pacis, / indui autem me sacco obsecrationis, / et clamabo ad Altissimum in diebus meis.
21Be of good comfort, my children, cry to the Lord, and he will deliver you out of the hand of the princes your enemies.Fatevi animo, o figliuoli, alzate le vostra grida al Signore, e vi libererà dal potere de' principi nemici;Be of good comfort my children. crie to our Lord, and he wil deliuer you out of the hand of the princes your enemies.Animæquiores estote, filii; clamate ad Dominum, / et eripiet vos de manu principum inimicorum. 22For my hope is in the Eternal that he will save you: and joy is come upon me from the Holy One, because of the mercy which shall come to you from our everlasting Saviour.Imperocché io ho posta la speranza mia nell'Eterno, salute vostra, il Santo mi ha consolala colla misericordia, che verrà a voi dall'eterno salvatore vostro; 'For I haue hoped in the euerlasting for your saluation: & ioy is come to me from the holie one vpon the mercie, which shal come to you from our euerlasting sauiour.Ego enim speravi in æternum salutem vestram, / et venit mihi gaudium a Sancto, super misericordia / quæ veniet vobis ab æterno salutari nostro. 23For I sent you forth with mourning and weeping: but the Lord will bring you back to me with joy and gladness for ever.Imperocché con lagrime, e con sospiri vi licenziai, ma riconduravvi a me il Signore con gaudio, e letizia sempiterna.For I sent you forth with mourning and weeping: but our Lord wil bring you backe to me with ioy and gladnes for euer.Emisi enim vos cum luctu et ploratu: / reducet autem vos mihi Dominus / cum gaudio et jucunditate in sempiternum. 24For as the neighbours of Sion have now seen your captivity from God: so shall they also shortly see your salvation from God, which shall come upon you with great honour, and everlasting glory.E siccome le vicine di Sion videro venir da Dio la schiavitù vostra, così vedranno assai presto la salute vostra venire da Dio a voi con onore grande, e splendore eterno.For as the neighbours of Sion haue seene your captiuitie from God: so shal they see also with celeritie your saluation from God, which shal come vpon you with great honour, and euerlasting brightnes.Sicut enim viderunt vicinæ Sion captivitatem vestram a Deo, / sic videbunt et in celeritate salutem vestram a Deo, / quæ superveniet vobis cum honore magno et splendore æterno. 25My children, suffer patiently the wrath that is come upon you: for thy enemy hath persecuted thee, but thou shalt quickly see his destruction: and thou shalt get up upon his neck.Figliuoli, sopportate pazientemente l'ira, che è venuta sopra di voi: imperocché ti ha perseguitato il tuo nemico, ma tosto vedrai tu la perdizione di lui, e tu calcherai la sua cervice.Children patiently sustaine the wrath, which is come vpon you: for thyne enemie hath persecuted thee, but thou shalt quickly see his destruction: and thou shalt get vp vpon his necke.Filii, patienter sustinete iram quæ supervenit vobis: / persecutus est enim te inimicus tuus: / sed cito videbis perditionem ipsius, / et super cervices ipsius ascendes.
26My delicate ones have walked rough ways, for they were taken away as a flock made a prey by the enemies.I teneri miei figliuoli hanno battute aspre strade; perocché sono stati condotti come una greggia rapita dagli inimici.My delicate ones haue walked rough waies, for they are led as a flocke taken violently of the enemies.Delicati mei ambulaverunt vias asperas: / ducti sunt enim ut grex direptus ab inimicis. 27Be of good comfort, my children, and cry to the Lord: for you shall be remembered by him that hath led you away.Fatevi animo, o figliuoli, e alzate le vostre grida al Signore: perocché si ricorderà di voi colui, che vi ha trasportati;Be of good comfort children, and crie out to our Lord: for there shal be remembrance of you with him, that hath led you away.Animæquiores estote, filii, et proclamate ad Dominum: / erit enim memoria vestra ab eo qui duxit vos. 28For as it was your mind to go astray from God; so when you return again you shall seek him ten times as much.Imperocché se vostra volontà si fu di andare lungi da Dio, con volontà dieci volte tanta lui cercherete ravveduti;For as your minde hath bene to stray from God: ten tymes so much shal you returning againe seeke him.Sicut enim fuit sensus vester ut erraretis a Deo, / decies tantum iterum convertentes requiretis eum: 29For he that hath brought evils upon you, shall bring you everlasting joy again with your salvation.Imperocché colui, che mandò a voi questi mali, egli pure a voi manderà una sempiterna allegrezza col darvi salute.For he that hath brought the euils vpon you, he againe wil bring vnto you euerlasting ioy with your saluation.qui enim induxit vobis mala, / ipse rursum adducet vobis sempiternam jucunditatem cum salute vestra. 30Be of good heart, O Jerusalem: for he exhorteth thee, that named thee.Stadi buon animo, Gerusalemme; perocché ti consola colui, che a te da il nome.Be of good comfort Ierusalem: for he exhorteth thee, that named thee.Animæquior esto, Jerusalem: / exhortatur enim te, qui te nominavit. 31The wicked that have afflicted thee, shall perish: and they that have rejoiced at thy ruin, shall be punished.I cattivi, che ti straziarono, periranno: e saranno puniti quelli, che hanno goduto di tua rovina:The wicked afflicters shal perish, that haue vexed thee: & they that haue reioyced in thy ruine, shal be punished.Nocentes peribunt, qui te vexaverunt: / et qui gratulati sunt in tua ruina, punientur. 32The cities which thy children have served, shall be punished: and she that received thy sons.Le città, alle quali hanno servito i tuoi figli, saran gastigate, e quella che tenne seco i tuoi figli,The cities which thy children haue serued, shal be punished: and she that receiued thy children.Civitates quibus servierunt filii tui, punientur, / et quæ accepit filios tuos.
33For as she rejoiced at thy ruin, and was glad of thy fall: so shall she be grieved for her own desolation.Siccome si allegrò della tua rovina, e fece festa di tua caduta, così della sua desolazione sarà rattristata.For as she hath reioyced in thy ruine, and bene glad at thy fal: so shal she be made sorowful in her owne desolation.Sicut enim gavisa est in tua ruina, et lætata est in casu tuo, / sic contristabitur in sua desolatione, 34And the joy of her multitude shall be cut off: and her gladness shall be turned to mourning.E le sarà tolto il brio della sua moltitudine, e la sua allegrìa in lutto si cangerà;And the reioycing of her multitude shal be cut of, & her gladnes shal be turned to mourning.et amputabitur exsultatio multitudinis ejus, / et gaudimonium ejus erit in luctum. 35For fire shall come upon her from the Eternal, long to endure, and she shall be inhabited by devils for a great time.Imperocché fuoco manderà sopra di lei l'Eterno per lunghi giorni, e da' demonj sarà abitata per molto tempo.For fyre shal come vpon her from the euerlasting in long during dayes, and she shal be inhabited of diuels a great time.Ignis enim superveniet ei ab Æterno in longiturnis diebus, / et habitabitur a dæmoniis in multitudine temporis. 36Look about thee, O Jerusalem, towards the east, and behold the joy that cometh to thee from God.Mira, o Gerusalemme, all'Oriente, e vedi la allegrezza, che da Dio Tiene a te;Looke about ô Ierusalem toward the East, and see the ioy that commeth to thee from God.Circumspice, Jerusalem, ad orientem, / et vide jucunditatem a Deo tibi venientem. 37For behold thy children come, whom thou sentest away scattered, they come gathered together from the east even to the west, at the word of the Holy One rejoicing for the honour of God.Imperocché ecco, che vengono a te i figli tuoi divisi da te per andare dispersi: ei vengono raunati da Oriente fino a Occidente, secondo la parola del Santo, lieti, lodando Dio.For behold thy children come, whom thou hast let goe dispersed, they come gathered together from the East euen to the West, in the word of the holie one reioycing to the honor of God.Ecce enim veniunt filii tui, quos dimisisti dispersos: / veniunt collecti ab oriente usque ad occidentem, in verbo Sancti, / gaudentes in honorem Dei.
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Ever. True wisdom may be found in the law. It constitutes the happiness of Israel, Deuteronomy 4:7. Christ perfected and fulfilled it, Matthew 5:7.
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Calmet
Nation. Be faithful, lest another take thy place. This Christians have done, Deuteronomy 32:21. (Calmet)
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Haydock
Memorial. Greek literally, "O memorable Israel." (Haydock)
Ye are left to support and restore the nation. This part of the letter is for their comfort.
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Calmet
Sold, like slaves, or people taken in war. (Calmet)
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Haydock
God. Literally, "Him." Greek, "the Eternal." (Haydock)
Calmet
This is taken from Deuteronomy 32:15. (Calmet)
Haydock
Nursed you. The city is beautifully personified as a widow, ver. 12. (Haydock)
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Near. Hebrew would be "daughters of Sion," ver. 14.
4:15
Calmet
Tongue. So the Chaldeans are described, Deuteronomy 28:49., and Isaias 33:19. (Calmet)
4:16
Haydock
Children. Greek, "daughters." (Haydock)
Calmet
Many of both sexes were taken with Jechonias. (Calmet)
Worthington
Jerusalem comforts her children, and assures them of God's mercy. (Worthington)
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Peace: the ornaments worn in my prosperity.
Sackcloth, or a rough garment, used by penitents and in times of public distress.
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Calmet
Neck. Mardochai, Daniel, etc., were governors, Isaias 40:14. These predictions were more fully verified when the Gentiles embraced the gospel. (Calmet)
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Haydock
When. Greek, "now ten times as much, being converted, seek him." (Haydock)
The Jews became much more docile and attached to the law.
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Named thee as his servant, spouse, (Calmet) and intimate friend.
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Haydock
The. Greek Deilaioi. "Wretched those who have injured thee, and rejoiced in thy fall! Wretched the cities," etc. (Haydock)
4:32
Challoner
She; Babylon. (Challoner)
Haydock
Greek, "Wretched she," etc. (Haydock)
Babylon shall fall a prey to Cyrus.
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Fire of war.
Devils. Whether they really dwell in ruins, or the people were of that opinion, (as the common sort are still) is not clear, Jeremias 50:39., and Isaias 34:14.
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East and west. From Babylon and from the islands, Isaias 11:11., and Zacharias 8:7.
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She that received, etc.... viz., Babylon.
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VVisdom wherof he spake in the former chapter (v. 12.) is the lavv and commandment of God.
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Concordanza Deut. •8. v. 49. Iere. •. v. 15.
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Ierusalem exhorteth her children to patience in their iust punishment, assuring them of Gods mercie and relaxation.
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sant'Atanasio di Alessandria † 373 d.C. Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.) 1.4
… Thus, if Isaiah says, ‘The Everlasting God, the Creator of the ends of the earth ;’ and Susanna said, ‘O Everlasting God ;’ and Baruch wrote, ‘I will cry unto the Everlasting in my days,’ and shortly after, ‘My hope is in the Everlasting, that He will save you, and joy is come unto me from the Holy One
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sant'Ireneo di Lione † 202 d.C. Against Heresies 5.35
… and [with respect to] those whom the Lord shall find in the flesh, awaiting Him from heaven, and who have suffered tribulation, as well as escaped the hands of the Wicked one. For it is in reference to them that the prophet says: “And those that are left shall multiply upon the earth,” And Jeremiah
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1. Hic liber mandatorum Dei. — Id est sapientia, de qua egi cap. præcedenti, non est aliud quam «liber mandatorum Dei.» Vide dicta, cap. III, 14. Ut ait David, Psalm. CXVIII, 105: «Lucerna pedibus meis verbum tuum, et lumen semitis meis;» et Salomon, Proverb. VI, 23: «Mandatum lucerna est, et lex lux.» Et lex quæ est in æternum. — Nota: Non loquitur de lege evangelica, ut vult Theodoretus, sed veteri: hanc enim suis Judæis commendat. Ita Hugo et Lyranus. Hæc est æterna, primo, quia durat longissimo tempore, scilicet toto tempore legis veteris. Secundo, quia lex vetus quoad moralia præcepta, est æterna; quoad cæremonialia, est æterna, non in se, sed quoad eorum completionem et perfectionem in suo antitypo: durant enim illa in lege nova, puta in mysteriis Christi et Ecclesiæ, quæ adumbrabant et præsignificabant, per eaque implentur. Tertio, quia lex vetus in se semper vera et justa est, continetque veras, non fallaces promissiones, esto mutanda et abolenda esset. Quarto, quia observatores sui perducebat ad vitam æternam: qui enim eam ex charitatis et obedientiæ spiritu observabant, salvabantur. Ita Maldonatus.
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2. Convertere, Jacob (o Jacobæi, o Israelitæ), ambula ad splendorem ejus, — sequere legem quasi facem prælucentem, incede per viam quam tibi sua luce et splendore demonstrat: nam, contra lumen ejus, — id est a regione luminis ejus, sicut fit cum præcuntem lucernam sequimur.
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3. Ne tradas alteri gloriam, — ne te subjicias aut complaceas cuiquam contra aut præter Dei voluntatem, ut scilicet ejus gratia gloriam tuam, quæ est unius summi veri Dei cultus et religio, prodigas declinando ad idola et vitia. Hic sensus appositus est et genuinus. Secundo, Maldonatus: «Gloriam,» inquit, Judæorum vocat Dei legem: per hanc enim apud gentes erant celebres et gloriosi. Tertio et melius, «gloriam» Judæorum vocat eorum Ecclesiam, sacerdotium, prophetas, etc., quibus gloriosus erat populus Dei, q. d. Vide ne Deum Deique legem offendas, ne Deus tibi iratus a te auferat suum cultum, Ecclesiam, prophetas, sacrificia, miracula, aliaque privilegia, quibus cæteris gentibus gloriose præemines, eaque transferat in Chaldæos aut aliam gentem, sicut transtulit in eos tuam patriam, opes et cives: et sicuti post Christum omnia hæc a Judæis transtulit ad christianos, juxta prædictionem Christi, Matth. XXI, 41. Ita Hugo, Lyranus et a Castro.
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4. Beati sumus, Israel, quia quæ Deo placent, manifesta sunt nobis, — quia scilicet voluntatem suam, per legem quam nobis dedit, declaravit. Hoc est in quo exsultat Psaltes, dicens Psalm. CXLVII, 9: «Non fecit taliter omni nationi: et judicia sua (leges suas) non manifestavit eis;» et Moses, Deuter. IV, 8: «Quæ est enim alia gens sic inclyta, ut habeat ceremonias, justaque judicia, et universam legem, quam ego proponam hodie ante oculos vestros.»
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5. Memorabilis Israel, — id est, o Israel, qui es non in oblivione, sed in memoria Dei, ut te liberet. Ita Hugo et Lyranus. Sed nota: Græce est μνημόσυνον, id est memoriale vel monumentum, q. d. O popule Dei, o Synagoga Judæorum! tu es monumentum Israelis, scilicet in quo servantur nomen et memoria Israelis sive Jacobi, et totius populi ex eo nati, qui æterna memoria est dignus. Populum vocat memoriale, eo quod bellis accisus ad paucos redactus esset, et qui superstites erant quasi reliquiæ a Deo fuissent conservati, ne Israelis memoria et stirps interiret.
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6. Venumdati estis gentibus. — Id est traditi estis in servitutem Chaldæis, perinde ac si eis in servitutem essetis venditi. Est catachresis. Sic Apostolus, Rom. VII, 14, ait se venumdatum sub peccato, id est traditum concupiscentiæ; et Achab dicitur «venumdatus ut faceret malum,» id est traditus suis libidinibus et nequitiis, III Reg. XXI, 25. Secundo, proprie Chaldæi Judæos a se captos vendebant aliis Chaldæis et gentibus; erant ergo Judæi venumdati gentibus. Non in perditionem, — non ut penitus vos perderet et aboleret, sed ut castigaret et expiaret.
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8. Obliti enim estis Deum qui nutrivit vos. — Græce est, ἐπελάθεσθε δὲ τὸν θρέψαντα ὑμᾶς Θεὸν αἰώνιον; hoc est, obliti estis Deum æternum qui vos genuit, ideoque meriti estis, ut pariter Deus obliviscatur vestri in æternum; sed ipse 70 annis tantum vestri obliviscetur, vosque in captivitate relinquet, ut ad eum recurrentes, pristinam ejus paternam curam experiamini. Hæc Dei est immensa bonitas. Contristastis nutricem vestram Jerusalem. — Jerusalem vocat, non civitatem et cives, hi enim peccaverant, et contristaverant Jerusalem; sed Ecclesiam quæ eos in fide, lege et cultu Dei nutriverat. Sicuti enim Deum vocat patrem, ita Synagogam vocat matrem Judæorum.
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9. Vidit. — Jerusalem, id est Ecclesia per prophetas, quasi oculos suos; hi enim præviderunt et prædixerunt hæc mala, quæ populo Dei acciderunt. Audite confines Sion. — Vox est Sion vel Jerusalem, id est Ecclesiæ, quasi matris ad filios suos captos, et ad «confines,» id est finitimas olimque sibi subditas urbes. Ita Theodoretus, q. d. Cum vidisset Ecclesia futuram captivitatem impendere, monuit vos, luxitque orbitatem sibi imminentem: sed vos monita hæc non curastis, nec resipuistis.
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12. Nemo gaudeat super me, — nemo mihi insultet. Monet, ait Maldonatus, Ecclesia hæreticos et infirmos in fide, ne sibi insultent dicantque: Vexatur Ecclesia a Deo, quia non est vera Ecclesia Dei, hinc Deus eam negligit; et ne dicant: «Non est salus ipsi in Deo ejus,» Psalm. III, 3, aut: «Ubi est Deus eorum?» Psalm. CXIII, 2. Vexatur enim ad tempus, non quod sit pseudoecclesia, sed quod filii ejus Deum offenderint. Viduam et desolatam, — derelictam a Deo meo marito, ejusque vicario Summo Pontifice, æque ac filiis meis orbatam. Memorentur, — plangendo mecum commemorent cladem filiorum, ut hic planctus mihi sit solatio, allevietque tristitiam meam.
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15. Adduxit super (contra) illos de longinquo, (de Chaldæa) gentem improbam, — græce, ἀναιδῆ; id est impudentem, quæ sine pudore et respectu dignitatis aut ætatis, nobiles æque ac pauperes, senes æque ac juvenes, feminas æque ac viros, indigne tractet, spoliet vel occidat, Thren. IV, 10 et cap. V, 12. Et alterius linguæ, — id est barbaram, græce ἀλλόγλωσσον: hæc enim ingens est miseria, uti nos videmus dum christiani a Turcis capti eos intelligere nequeunt, ideoque cum eis obsequi, et quæ jubent exsequi non valeant, male mulctantur. Hoc Judæis comminatus erat Moses, Deuter. XXVIII, 49, et Jerem. cap. V, 13.
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16. Abduxerunt (ita legendum, non, adduxerunt, ut habent Plantiniana) dilectos viduæ (filios meos quæ sum vidua) et a filiis unicam desolaverunt, — id est filiis privatam me desertam ac solam reliquerunt.
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19. Ambulate, filii, — ite in captivitatem, et ego sola relinquar, fortiter tolerabo meam desolationem, ut vos fortiter et æquanimiter toleretis captivitatem, donec Deus vos ex ea liberet, et mihi restituat.
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20. Exui me stola pacis. — «Stola» vestis erat talaris ac muliebris, qua utebantur tempore prosperitatis et lætitiæ, pro qua Jerusalem hic desolata ait se sumere saccum obsecrationis, id est vestem lugubrem, qualis est pænitentium, vel obsecrantium pro venia, puta cilicium, ut patet, Jon. III, 6. Vide dicta, Thren. II, 10. Clamabo ad Altissimum in diebus meis, — ut vos e Babylone ad me Jerusalem reducat. Loquitur quasi femina quæ 70 annis esset victura, quibus duratura erat captivitas, Jerem. XXV, 11.
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22. Ego enim speravi in æternum, — græce τῷ αἰωνίῳ, in the Eternal: so she is accustomed to call God, q. d. Granted that your captivity may last 70 years, God will outlast these years (for He is eternal), and when they are fulfilled He will free you from it, and give eternal salvation, and thus He will communicate to you His happiness and eternity. Nota: «Salutem» vocat liberationem e captivitate Babylonica, ut explicant Theodoretus et Hugo, et sub ejus typo intelligit liberationem a peccato et morte, plenamque redemptionem per Christum; hæc enim proprie erit æterna. Ita Lyranus. Et venit mihi gaudium a sancto, — a Deo cui Seraphini accinunt Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus, Isai. VI, q. d. Cum sperarem et orarem Deum pro vestra liberatione, ipse spem et gaudium mihi infudit, dum per prophetas mihi significavit, quod vos brevi (græce enim est ἐν τάχει) salvabit et liberabit. Deum enim vocat «salutarem,» id est salvatorem: hoc enim est græcum σωτῆρος.
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24. Vicinæ Sion. — Gentes et urbes gentiles vicinæ Judææ, ut Ammonitæ et Idumæi, qui Judæos in captivitatem euntes irriserant, Jerem. XLVIII, 27. Captivitatem vestram a Deo, — in quam Deus juste vos duci permisit. Splendore æterno. — «Æterno,» id est longo tempore duraturo. Græca Romana habent, cum splendore ipsius æterni, scilicet Dei, q. d. Redibitis cum splendore et gloria divina: omnes enim videbunt Deum vestrum esse liberatorem et reducem.
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25. Persecutus est te inimicus — Chaldæus. Ita omnes præter Theodoretum qui per inimicum accipit vicinos Idumæos et Ammonitas; hi enim Judæis erant infesti. Super cervices ipsius ascendes, — illi dominaberis, illi imperabis, adeo ut iis quasi suppedaneis uti possis: sicut Sapor rex Persarum usus est Aureliano imperatore Romano, ac Tamberlanes Bajazete imperatore Turcarum. Sic Job, cap. XVI, 13, ait: «Tenuit cervicem meam, confregit me;» sicut miles, gallinam cervice apprehendens et intorquens, confringit et necat. Hinc videtur quod Cyrus Judæos extulerit, ut cum suis hostibus, puta Chaldæis, a Cyro victis, quasi domini imperiose agere possent. Plenius tamen id factum est a Christo, qui Ecclesiam et apostolos fecit dominari cunctis gentibus, Isai. LX, 14. Ita ad litteram Alexander papa III Frederici Ænobarbi superbam cervicem domuit et calcavit, cum Venetiis ejus in terra prostrati collum pede premens dixit: «Super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis, et conculcabis leonem et draconem.» Resultanti Frederico: «Non tibi, sed Petro;» Alexander rursum: «Et Petro et mihi.» Ita Chronicon Bessarionis, et recentiores chronologi, præsertim hæretici. Verum hæc, utpote turgida et insolentia, ab insigni modestia Alexandri III et a veritate aliena esse ostendit cardinalis Baronius, anno Christi 1177, tom. XII, ex historicis illius ævi, qui absolutioni Frederici interfuere.
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26. Delicati mei, — filii a me in deliciis educati. Supplenda est hic altera pars antithesis, hoc modo: Inimicus duxit delicatos meos per vias asperas; Deus autem reducet eos per vias planas. Idem mystice facit diabolus, et ex adverso Christus: hoc enim est quod ait Isaias, cap. XL, 4: «Erunt prava in directa, et aspera in vias planas.»
4:27
27. Erit enim memoria vestra, — id est vestri, q. d. Recordabitur Deus vestri, ut, sicut vos duxit Babylonem, ita et inde reducat.
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28. Sicut fuit sensus vester (græce διάνοια, id est cogitatio, conceptus et voluntas vestra, ut) erraretis a Deo: decies tantum, etc., — græce δεκαπλασιάσατε, id est decuplate conversi quærere eum. Hoc est quod huc alludens Paulus monet, Rom. cap. VI, 19: «Sicut exhibuistis membra vestra servire immunditiæ, et iniquitati ad iniquitatem, ita nunc exhibete membra vestra servire justitiæ in sanctificationem,» quasi dicas: O filii mei Judæi, esto Deum offenderitis, nolite desperare, quia animæ pænitentis et generosæ est non cadere animo, ob peccatum in quod lapsa est, sed inde fortius resurgere et duplicare, imo decuplare, cursum in stadio virtutis. Atque ita fieri solet, indeque fit quod ait S. Gregorius, «ut plerumque gratior sit Deo fervens post culpam vita, quam securitate torpens innocentia.» Id vere est in S. Paulo, in S. Magdalena, in S. Petro, Matthæo et aliis vere pænitentibus.
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30. Animæquior esto. — Maldonatus putat esse verba Jerusalem, id est Ecclesiæ, ad Jerusalem, id est ad civitatem Jerusalem. Verum, ut caveamus hanc æquivocationem in voce Jerusalem, convenientius dicemus esse verba Dei, aut potius Prophetæ ad Jerusalem. Est enim in prophetis crebra enallage personarum, quas quasi in dialogo loquentes varie inducunt. Exhortatur enim te, — græce παρακαλέσει σε, quod Theodoretus et alii vertunt, consolatur te, scilicet exhortando te ad spem melioris sortis et fortunæ. Qui te nominavit, — ut voceris Jerusalem, quæ ante Salem et Jebus dicebaris, ait Dionysius. Secundo, Hugo, «Qui te nominavit,» inquit, id est qui te nominatam ac celebrem per orbem fecit; tertio, alii, «nominabit,» id est nomen novum tibi dabit, cum te e captivitate quasi novam reducet et reformabit, ut voceris novus Israel; quarto, «nominavit,» id est unice diligit, habetque in sua memoria et cura, noscens te ex nomine: sic de Beseleel dicitur: «Vocavi ex nomine,» Exodi XXXI, 2; et de Mose: «Novi te ex nomine,» Exodi XXXIII, 12; et de Christo, Isai. XLIX, 1 dicitur: «Dominus ab utero vocavit me, de ventre matris meæ recordatus est nominis mei;» quinto et optime: «Qui te nominavit,» id est vocavit, «civitatem Sancti, id est Dei,» Isai. cap. LII, 1 et cap. LX, 14. Deus enim in Jerusalem suum habebat templum, quasi regale solium in sua metropoli.
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31. Nocentes peribunt. — Græce est δείλαιοι αἱ κακώσασαί σε, id est miseri erunt qui te vexarunt, uti præclare prædixit Isaias, cap. XVIII, XIX; et Jeremias, cap. XLVI, XLVII, XLVIII, XLIX, L.
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32. Et quæ accepit, — Babylon, quæ filios tuos in captivitate et carcere excepit et afflixit.
4:34
34. Et amputabitur, — græce καὶ περιελῶ, id est et amovebo exsultationem frequentis multitudinis ejus, id est qua frequens ejus populus exsultat, vel qua ipsa Babylon ob frequentiam et multitudinem populi sui exsultat. Et gaudimonium, — γαυρίαμα, id est superbia et jactantia, qua insolenter exsultat, convertetur in luctum: ita in tyrannis et impiis, «extrema gaudii luctus occupat;» contra piis et afflictis, ait Christus: «Tristitia vestra vertetur in gaudium.»
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35. Ignis, — id est, acerba punitio instar ignis superveniet Babyloni; secundo, proprie, «ignis ab æterno,» scilicet Deo, ad multos dies per Persas in Babylonem conjectus, eam combussit et in cineres redegit, ut patet, Isai. XIII, 19; Jerem. L, 39. Idque in congruam pœnam, eo quod Babylonii tyrannice Hierosolymam igne combusserant. Habitabitur a dæmoniis, — a Satyris et Faunis. Vide dicta Jerem. L, 39, et Isaiæ XXXIV, 14.
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37. Ab oriente ad occidentem, — id est ex Persia, Media, Babylonia, quæ ab oriente sunt Jerusalem (licet ipsa Babylon proprie esset ad septentrionem Hierosolymæ), redibunt Judæi ad Jerusalem. In verbo sancti, — id est juxta promissum Dei, quo ipse illud per prophetas pollicitus est, quodque illud ipsum exsequetur et jubebit per Cyrum, cui hoc inspirabit, quemque Judæis benevolum efficiet. Ita Theodoretus. Allegorice hoc verius est in fidelibus, qui ex omni orbis parte confluunt ad Christum Christique Ecclesiam.
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… nell'apocrifo Enoch, 'Ažā'zēl è nome d'un demone o di Satana (8, 1; 12, 13; 13, 1; 15, 9); si aggiunga che nella S. Scrittura il deserto è spesso raffigurato come immagine della desolazione e della morte e come l'abitazione dei demoni (Is. 13, 21; Bar. 4, 35; Tob. 8, 3; Mt. 12, 43; Apor. 18, 2; cf. Enoch, 10, 4; 'Ažā'zēl legato nel deserto di Dudael). …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.