Iudith is brought into Holofernes treasurehouse, 2. hath leaue to abstaine from the Gentils meates, 5. and to goe forth in the night to pray. 10. The fourth day she cometh to Holofernes banket; 16, he is taken with concuspiscence, and drinketh very much wine.
1Then he ordered that she should go in where his treasures were laid up, and bade her tarry there, and he appointed what should be given her from his own table.Allora egli ordinò, che fosse condotta dove stavano i suoi tesori, e ordinò, che ivi ella stesse, e stabilì quello, che doveva esserle portato dalla sua mensa.THEN he bad her goe in where his treasures were layd vp, and bad her tarie there, and he appoynted what should be geuen her of his owne banket.Tunc jussit eam introire ubi repositi erant thesauri ejus, et jussit illic manere eam, et constituit quid daretur illi de convivio suo. 2And Judith answered him and said: Now I cannot eat of these things which thou commandest to be given me, lest sin come upon me: but I will eat of the things which I have brought.Ma Giuditta rispose a lui, e disse: Io non posso adesso mangiare di quello, che tu ordini, che mi sia dato, affinchè non venga l'ira sopra di me; mangerò di quelle cose, che meco ho portate.To whom Iudith answered, and said: Now I can not eate of these thinges, which thou commandest to be geuen me, lest there come displeasure vpon me: but I wil eate of these thinges, which I haue brought.Cui respondit Judith, et dixit: Nunc non potero manducare ex his quæ mihi præcipis tribui, ne veniat super me offensio: ex his autem quæ mihi detuli, manducabo. 3And Holofernes said to her: If these things which thou hast brought with thee fail thee, what shall we do for thee?E Oloferne disse a lei. E quando non avrai più di quelle cose, che hai portate, cosa faremo?To whom Holofernes said: If these thinges which thou hast brought with thee shal fayle thee, what shal we doe to thee.Cui Holofernes ait: Si defecerint tibi ista, quæ tecum detulisti, quid faciemus tibi ? 4And Judith said: As thy soul liveth, my lord, thy handmaid shall not spend all these things till God do by my hand that which I have purposed. And his servants brought her into the tent which he had commanded.E Giuditta disse: Giuro per la tua vita signore mio, che non consumerà la tua serva tutto quello, che ha portato, prima che Dio eseguisca per mezzo mio quello, che ho in mente. E i servi di lui la menarono al padiglione assegnatole.And Iudith said: Thy soule liueth my lord, that thy handmayde shal not spend al these thinges, til God doe by my hand these thinges, which I haue purposed. And his seruantes brought her into the tabernacle, which he had commanded.Et dixit Judith: Vivit anima tua, domine meus, quoniam non expendet omnia hæc ancilla tua, donec faciat Deus in manu mea hæc quæ cogitavi. Et induxerunt illam servi ejus in tabernaculum quod præceperat.
5And when she was going in, she desired that she might have liberty to go out at night and before day to prayer, and to beseech the Lord.E in entrando ella chiese la permissione di uscir fuora la notte, e avanti giorno adorare, e invocare il Signore.And whiles she went in, she desired that she might haue licence to goe forth, in the night and before day to prayer, and to besech our Lord.Et petiit dum introiret, ut daretur ei copia nocte et ante lucem egrediendi foras ad orationem, et deprecandi Dominum. 6And he commanded his chamberlains, that she might go out and in, to adore her God as she pleased, for three days.E quegli comandò agli uscieri, che la lasciassero andare, e venire come le era in grado ad adorare il suo Dio per tre giorni.And he commanded his chamberlaynes, that as it pleased her, she should goe out & come in to adore her God for three dayes.Et præcepit cubiculariis suis ut sicut placeret illi, exiret et introiret ad adorandum Deum suum per triduum: 7And she went out in the nights into the valley of Bethulia, and washed herself in a fountain of water.Ed ella andava la notte nella valle di Betulia, e si lavava a una fontana.And she went forth in the nightes into the vale of Bethulia, and washed her self in a fountaine of water.et exibat noctibus in vallem Bethuliæ, et baptizabat se in fonte aquæ. 8And as she came up, she prayed to the Lord the God of Israel, that he would direct her way to the deliverance of his people.E nel ritorno pregava il Signore Dio d'Israele, che dirigesse i suoi passi alla liberazione del popolo suo.And as she came vp, she prayed our Lord the God of Israel, that he would direct her way to the deliuerie of his people.Et ut ascendebat, orabat Dominum Deum Israël ut dirigeret viam ejus ad liberationem populi sui. 9And going in, she remained pure in the tent, until she took her own meat in the evening.E rientrata nel padiglione purificata, ivi si stava sino a tanto che si ristorava sulla sera.And going in, she remayned pure in the tabernacle, vntil she tooke her owne meate in the euening.Et introiens, munda manebat in tabernaculo usque dum acciperet escam suam in vespere. 10And it came to pass on the fourth day, that Holofernes made a supper for his servants, and said to Vagao his eunuch: Go, and persuade that Hebrew woman, to consent of her own accord to dwell with me.Ed avvenne, che il quarto di Oloferne diede una cena a suoi servi, e disse a Vagao, suo eunuco: Va, ed esorta quell'Ebrea, che spontaneamente si risolva a coabitare con me.And it came to passe in the fourth day, Holofernes made a supper to his seruantes, and sayd to Vagao his eunuch: Goe, and perswade that Hebrew woman, that she consent of her owne accord to dwel with me.Et factum est, in quarto die Holofernes fecit cœnam servis suis, et dixit ad Vagao eunuchum suum: Vade, et suade Hebræam illam ut sponte consentiat habitare mecum.
11For it is looked upon as shameful among the Assyrians, if a woman mock a man, by doing so as to pass free from him.Perocchè è cosa vergognosa tra gli Assiri, che una donna si burli di un uomo, facendo in guisa che da lui se ne parta senza fare suo piacere.For it is a foule thing with the Assyrians, if a woman mocke a man in doing, that she passe free from him.Fœdum est enim apud Assyrios, si femina irrideat virum agendo ut immunis ab eo transeat. 12Then Vagao went in to Judith, and said: Let not my good maid be afraid to go in to my lord, that she may be honoured before his face, that she may eat with him and drink wine and be merry.Allora Vagao entrò da Giuditta, e disse: Non abbi ritrosìa, o buona fanciulla divenire al signore mio per essere onorata da lui, e per mangiare con lui, e bere in allegria.Then Vagao went in to Iudith, & said: Let not the good yong maide feare to goe in to my Lord, that she may be honoured before his face, that she may eate with him and drinke wine in ioyfulnes.Tunc introivit Vagao ad Judith, et dixit: Non vereatur bona puella introire ad dominum meum, ut honorificetur ante faciem ejus, ut manducet cum eo, et bibat vinum in jucunditate. 13And Judith answered him: Who am I, that I should gainsay my lord?E Giuditta a lui. Chi son io, che ardisca di contraddire al mio signore?To whom Iudith answered: Who am I, that I should gaynesay my lord?Cui Judith respondit: Quæ ego sum, ut contradicam domino meo ? 14All that shall be good and best before his eyes, I will do. And whatsoever shall please him, that shall be best to me all the days of my life.Io farò tutto quello, che buono, e meglio parrà a lui: e tutto quello, che piacerà a lui sarà il meglio per me per tutti i giorni della mia vita.Al that shal be good and best before his eies, wil I doe. And whatsoeuer shal please him, that shal be best to me al the dayes of my life.omne quod erit ante oculos ejus bonum et optimum, faciam. Quidquid autem illi placuerit, hoc mihi erit optimum omnibus diebus vitæ meæ. 15And she arose and dressed herself out with her garments, and going in she stood before his face.E si alzò, e si adornò delle sue vesti, e andò a presentarsi dinanzi a lui.And she arose, and decked herself with her garmentes, and going in she stood before his face.Et surrexit, et ornavit se vestimento suo, et ingressa stetit ante faciem ejus. 16And the heart of Holofernes was smitten, for he was burning with the desire of her.E il cuore di Oloferne si scosse: perocché egli ardeva di desiderio di possederla.And the hart of Holofernes was strooken: for he burnt in the concupiscence of her.Cor autem Holofernes concussum est: erat enim ardens in concupiscentia ejus.
17And Holofernes said to her: Drink now, and sit down and be merry; for thou hast found favour before me.E disse a lei Oloferne: Bevi ora, e mangia allegramente; perocchè hai trovata grazia dinanzi a me.And Holofernes said to her: Drinke now, and sit downe in ioyfulnes, because thou hast found grace before me.Et dixit ad eam Holofernes: Bibe nunc, et accumbe in jucunditate, quoniam invenisti gratiam coram me. 18And Judith said: I will drink my lord, because my life is magnified this day above all my days.E Giuditta disse: Io berò o signore, perocchè in questo giorno io mi trovo glorificata più che in tutto il resto della mia vita.And Iudith said: I wil drinke my lord, because my soule is magnified this day aboue al my dayes.Et dixit Judith: Bibam, domine, quoniam magnificata est anima mea hodie præ omnibus diebus meis. 19And she took and ate and drank before him what her maid had prepared for her.E prese ella, e mangio, e bevve dinanzi a lui quello, che le era stato preparato dalla sua serva,And she tooke, and did eate, and dranke before him those thinges, which her handmayde had prepared her.Et accepit, et manducavit et bibit coram ipso ea quæ paraverat illi ancilla ejus. 20And Holofernes was made merry on her occasion, and drank exceeding much wine, so much as he had never drunk in his life.E Oloferne le fece gran festa, e bevve del vino for misura, quanto non avea mai bevuto a suoi giorni.And Holofernes was made pleasant toward her, and dranke wine exceeding much, so much as he had neuer drunke in his life?Et jucundus factus est Holofernes ad eam, bibitque vinum multum nimis, quantum numquam biberat in vita sua.
12:1
Menochius
And bade. Greek, "and ordered a bed (or table) to be prepared for her, to eat of his own meat, and drink of his wine," (Haydock) that her beauty might be enhanced, (Daniel i.) and to honour her. (Menochius)
12:2
12:3
Thee. Greek adds, "for there is none of thy race."
12:4
Which 1:Greek, "he."
Haydock
Which. Greek, "and she slept till midnight and she arose at the morning watch." (Haydock)
Calmet
The mode of counting by hours prevailed after the captivity. (Calmet)
12:5
Haydock
And. Greek, "and she sent to Holofernes, saying: May my lord please to order that thy handmaid may go out to pray. And," etc., ver. 6. (Haydock)
Calmet
She had prepared him to grant this request before: but out of civility, and that he may have greater confidence in her, she asks again. The choice of a retired place for prayer is very commendable, but she made choice of the fields, that she might go out of the camp afterwards without being suspected. (Calmet)
12:6
Haydock
Chamberlains. Greek, "life-guards, not to hinder her; and she remained in the camp three days." (Haydock)
12:7
Calmet
Water. Greek, "in the camp;" perhaps she washed only her hands and face. (Calmet)
12:9
Worthington
Pure, from forbidden food. (Worthington)
Calmet
Evening. Thus she continued to fast, to draw down the blessing of God. (Calmet)
12:10
Ovid
Servants. Greek adds, "only, and he did not call any of those whom he usually employed," (Haydock) that they might not witness his excesses. Vagao, or Bagoas, the Persian name for an "eunuch," or chief officer; though such were generally to wait on the ladies. Quem penes est Dominam servandi cura Bagoae. (Ovid, Amor. ii.)
Eunuch. Greek and Syriac add, "who was appointed over all his affairs. Persuade the Hebrew woman who is with thee to come to us, and to eat and drink with us. For we deem it shameful to dismiss such a woman, without having commerce with her; and if we do not attract her, she will deride us."
12:12
Calmet
Merry. This would pave the way for greater liberties. (Calmet)
Greek adds, "and to become this day as a daughter of the Assyrians, standing to wait in the house of Nabuchodonosor." He probably alludes to those courtezans (Calmet) who sung at night, before the palace, etc. (Athen. Dip. 12:2.) The Persians admitted women to their feasts, though they were generally excluded in the East, Esther 1:12. (Herodotus 5:18.)
12:14
Haydock
Best. Greek, "a boast, or matter of exultation." (Haydock)
Calmet
This answer seems to shock our delicacy. Did she not understand the meaning of the eunuch, which was sufficiently plain? She only passed a compliment, which always implies a tacit condition, if the thing be practicable and honest: as the words might have two meanings, she was bound in charity to interpret them in the best sense. (Calmet)
Menochius
It was surely lawful to be merry. (Menochius)
12:15
Haydock
Garments. Greek adds, "and all her female ornaments; and her servant came and spread on the ground, before Holofernes, the fleeces which she had received from Bagoas, for her daily use, to eat lying upon them. And coming in, Judith fell prostrate." (Haydock)
Heraclides
The custom of sitting on the ground, upon skins, to eat, is very ancient, (Targum, Esther i.) and is still observed by the Turks. The kings of Persia let none eat with them at the same table. (Heraclides; Athen. 5:10.)
Calmet
The character of drunkenness, with which this nation has been branded, seems not unfounded. (Calmet)
12:16
Her. Greek adds, "company; and he had sought an opportunity of deluding her, from the day when he first beheld her." He justly, therefore, fell into the snare which he had laid.
12:20
Menochius
Life. Greek adds, "in any one day," (Haydock) at supper. (Menochius)
12:2
Concordanza See chap. 10. v. 5.
12:9
This puritie confisted in abstaining from meates forbid by the Law, or offered to Idoles.
12:12
P•ell•.
12:20
sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. On the Duties of the Clergy 3.13
… At first she makes an impression on him by the grace of her form and the beauty of her countenance. Then she entraps him by the refinement of her speech. Her first triumph was that she returned from the tent of the enemy with her purity unspotted.
12:2
2. NE VENIAT SUPER ME OFFENSIO. — Græce scandalum, q. d. Ne, si comedam cibos Gentilium Judæis vetitos, Deum offendam; itaque pœnam acquiram et scandalum, id est tragulam et impedimentum, ut Deus per me non efficiat id quod ad commune bonum facere decrevit.
12:5
5. ET PETIIT, DUM INTROIRET, UT DARETUR EI COPIA NOCTE, ET ANTE LUCEM (quando vellet), EGREDIENDI FORAS AD ORATIONEM. — Petiit id Judith, tum ut oratione et jejunio præpararet et armaret se ad heroicam fortitudinem aggrediendi tantum facinus, quod mente destinarat: tum ut animos, modosque, et rationes illud exsequendi a Deo hauriret; tum denique ut peracto facinore libere sibi daretur regressus in Bethuliam, eo quod custodes cogitarent eam more solito egredi ad orationem.
12:7
7. ET BAPTIZABAT SE (abluebat manus et pedes) IN FONTE AQUÆ. — Mos erat Judæis ante orationem abluere manus, pedes et quandoque totum corpus, tum ut puro corpore et animo ad Deum accederent; puritas enim corporis admonebat eos puritatis animi. Idem faciebant olim Christiani, ut dixi I Tim. II, 8, ad illa: « Levantes puras manus, » tum, ut si quid immundi tetigissent et irregularitatem legalem contraxissent, ab illa se per lotionem expiarent. Porro fons hic juxta Bethuliam etiamnum exstat, et a peregrinis visitur, teste Adrichomio in Bethulia.
12:9
9. USQUE DUM ACCIPERET ESCAM SUAM IN VESPERE. — Jejunabat ergo Judith a mane in vesperam; vespere sumebat cibum, ac post eum noctu egrediebatur ad orationem in ea pernoctans. His armis se ad heroicum suum opus obarmavit. Audi S. Ambrosium, lib. De viduis: « Quid sobrietatem loquar? Temperantia enim virtus est feminarum. Inebriatis vino viris, et somno sepultis abstulit vidua gladium, exeruit manum, bellatoris abscidit caput, per medias hostium acies intemerata processit. Advertitis igitur quantum mulieribus nocere possit ebrietas, quando viros vina sic solvunt, ut vincantur a feminis? Esto igitur vidua temperans, casta primum a vino, ut casta possis esse ab adultero: nequaquam te ille tentabit, si vina non tentent. Nam si Judith bibisset, dormisset cum adultero. Sed quia non bibit, haud difficile ebrios exercitus unius sobrietas, et vincere potuit et eludere. »
12:10
10. DIXIT AD VAGAO EUNUCHUM SUUM. — Vagao sive Bagao non tam est nomen proprium, ut vult Serarius, quam commune Persis significans Eunuchum. Unde Pagninus in Nominibus Hebraicis, Vagao, inquit, idem est quod interior vel intimus, scilicet eunuchus sive cubicularius; ghava enim Chaldæis est interius vel intestinum, vel Vagao idem est quod elatus sive elevatus a radice, גאה gaa, id est elevare. Eunuchi enim erant primi in aula apud reges, imo eorum cubicularii et secretorum conscii, ac lenocinii amasiarum administri; eorum enim libidini lenocinantes speciosas feminas eis adducebant, uti fecit hic Vagao. Id ita esse docet Plinius, lib. XIII, cap. IV, ubi ait spadones apud Persas vocari Bagou. Et Ovidius, lib. II Am. Eleg.: Quem penes est Dominam servandi cura Bagoe, Dum perago tecum pauca, sed apta, vaca. Et Esther cap. II, vers. 3. Egeus (sive Vagao) fuit eunuchus Assueri regis, præfectus gynecæo. Sic, teste Curtio, lib. X, nequissimus Alexandri magni eunuchus fuit Bagoas, qui falsis criminationibus Orsinem Persarum satrapam Alexandro interficiendum dedit. Fuit quoque Bagoas Herodis eunuchus. Porro errat Severus Sulpitius, qui Judithæ historiam refert ad tempora Artaxerxis Ochi, eo quod ipse habuerit eunuchum nomine Bagao.
12:11
11. FŒDUM EST ENIM APUD ASSYRIOS, SI FEMINA IRRIDEAT VIRUM, AGENDO UT IMMUNIS AB EO TRANSEAT. Vide hic corruptissimos et impurissimos Assyriorum et Persarum mores, quibus libido adeo erat honesta, ut per omnes feminas grassaretur, adeo ut apud eos fædum haberetur aliquam intactam relinqui. O tempora! Audi Ammianum Marcellum lib. XXIII de Persis: « Effusius, inquit, plerique soliti solvi in Venerem, ægreque contenti multitudine pellicum puerilium stuprorum expertes pro opibus quisque adsciscere matrimonia plura, vel pauca. Unde apud eos per libidines varias charitas dispersa torpescit. » Idem tradit Strabo, lib. XV ad finem, et Cicero, actione V in Verrem. Audi scelera magis fæda. Theodoretus, Quæstion. XXIV in Levit.: « Persæ, ait, in hunc usque diem non sororibus solum, sed etiam matribus ac filiabus, nuptiarum lege permiscentur. » Idem de Medis, Indis et Æthiopibus tradit S. Hieronymus, lib. II Contra Jovin. Unde Euripides in Andromede: Tale, ait, est omne barbarorum genus; Pater cum filia, filius cum matre Miscetur, soror cum fratre. Mirum ergo non est quod Persæ plures habuerint uxores, ideoque Judith Holoferni hanc formosi conjugii escam objecerit, qua eum ut piscem hamo suo caperet et necaret.
12:14
14. QUIDQUID AUTEM ILLI PLACUERIT (intellige, si sit licitum, nec a Deo meo vetitum) HOC MIHI ERIT OPTIMUM, — ut si me velit uxorem, non abnuam eum maritum, quem principem tantum esse scio, ut ex ejus thalamo evehenda sim in Ducissam et Principissam; dat spem conjugii, ut sui amantem fallat, et quasi hostem populi sui occidat (1). 18. BIBAM, DOMINE, — ex vino non tuo, sed meo, quod mecum ex Bethulia hac de causa tuli, ne vino ciboque Gentilium polluerer. Unde sequitur: MANDUCAVIT ET BIBIT CORAM IPSO EA QUÆ PARAVERAT ILLI ANCILLA EJUS. — Unde videtur Judith in alia mensa accubuisse, quæ vicina esset mensæ Holofernis, ita ut coram ipso manducaret et biberet; non enim decebat ipsam in mensa tanti principis cum eo accumbere. Unde Græca habent: Et accessit ancilla ejus, et stravit ei ante Holofernem humi pelles, quas acceperat a Bagoa, ad quotidianum usum suum, ut manducaret, accumbens super eas. Sic etiamnum nonnullæ gentes, ac nuper Mulcasses rex Tunetanus coram Carolo V, humi sedens, prandebat. Bibit ergo coram Holoferne Judith, ut omnem cædis et odii suspicionem Holoferni eximeret, utque eum ad largius bibendum provocaret, itaque ex potu somno consopitum trucidaret, atque ut ex vino spiritus et animos, viresque hauriret ad aggrediendum tam arduum facinus. Erat enim jejuna, et ex jejunio debilis et languida. BIBITQUE VINUM MULTUM NIMIS, QUANTUM NUNQUAM BIBERAT IN VITA SUA. — Græce, ex quo natus erat. Dei providentia id factum, ut sopitus vino Juditham non tangeret, sed illa sobria et casta manens eum perimeret. Vide hic quam gaudiis vicina sint tristia, quamque convivia et crapula in funus mortemque desinant, ac « Extrema gaudii luctus occupet. » En tibi Holofernes deliciis adipatus, vino immersus, musicorum harmonia exultans, amoribus ebrius, mox a Judith truncatur, et ad inferos, ubi suam crapulam æterna siti in flammis perennantibus digerat, detruditur. Audi S. Ambrosium, lib. De Elia et jejunio: « Bibebant vinum in ebrietate potentes, qui Holoferni principi militiæ regis Assyriorum se tradere gestiebant; sed non bibebat femina Judith jejunans omnibus diebus viduitatis suæ, præter festorum dierum solemnitates. His armis munita processit, et omnem Assyriorum circumvenit exercitum. Sobrii vigore consilii abstulit Holofernis caput, servavit pudicitiam, victoriam reportavit. Hæc enim succincta jejunio, in castris prætendebat alienis: ille vino sepultus jacebat ut ictum vulneris sentire non posset. Itaque unius mulieris jejunium, innumeros stravit exercitus Assyriorum. » Præclare S. Basilius, homilia 14 De ebrietate: « Ebrietas, ait, dæmon est voluntarius ex voluptate animabus nostris inditus. Ebrietas malitiæ mater est, virtutis inimica, fortem virum reddit ignavum, ex temperato facit lascivum, justitiam ignorat, prudentiam exstinguit.
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.