Holofernes lying in a druncken sleepe, Iudith cutleth of his head, 12. so returneth with her m••de through the gard, as it were to pray, cometh to Bethulia, 16. exhorteth al to thinke God, and sheweth them the head. 22. She is blessed of al. 27. Achior also praiseth God and Iudith.
1And when it was grown late, his servants made haste to their lodgings, and Vagao shut the chamber doors, and went his way.Or, venuta la sera se ne andarono in fretta i suoi servi al loro albergo; e Vagao chiuse le porte della camera, e se n'andò.AND when it was waxen late, his seruantes made hast to their lodgings, and Vagao shut the chamber doores, and went his way.Ut autem sero factum est, festinaverunt servi illius ad hospitia sua, et conclusit Vagao ostia cubiculi, et abiit. 2And they were all overcharged with wine.E tutti erano oppressi dal vino.And they were al ouerladen with wine.Erant autem omnes fatigati a vino, 3And Judith was alone in the chamber.E Giuditta rimase sola nella camera.And Iudith was alone in the chamber.eratque Judith sola in cubiculo. 4But Holofernes lay on his bed, fast asleep, being exceedingly drunk.E Oloferne era sdraiato nel letto, e pieno di sonno pel troppo vino,Moreouer Holofernes lay in his bed, fast a slepe with very much drunkennes.Porro Holofernes jacebat in lecto, nimia ebrietate sopitus. 5And Judith spoke to her maid to stand without before the chamber, and to watch:E Giuditta ordinò alla serva, che stesse fuori dinanzi alla camera in attenzione.And Iudith said to her mayd that she should stand without before the chamber, and watch.Dixitque Judith puellæ suæ ut staret foris ante cubiculum, et observaret. 6And Judith stood before the bed praying with tears, and the motion of her lips in silence,Ma Giuditta si pose dinanzi al letto pregando con lacrime, e col quieto movimento delle labbra,And Iudith stood before the bed, praying with teares, and with mouing of her lippes in silence,Stetitque Judith ante lectum, orans cum lacrimis, et labiorum motu in silentio, 7Saying: Strengthen me, O Lord God of Israel, and in this hour look on the works of my hands, that as thou hast promised, thou mayst raise up Jerusalem thy city: and that I may bring to pass that which I have purposed, having a belief that it might be done by thee.Dicendo: Dammi coraggio, o Signore Dio d'Israele, e favorisci in questo punto la mia impresa, affinchè secondo la tua promessa sia rimessa da te nel suo stato la tua città, Gerusalemme, e sia condotto da me a fine il disegno, che io concepii credendo, che poteva col tuo aiuto eseguirsi.saying: Confirme me o Lord God of Israel, and in this houre haue respect to the workes of my handes, that as thou hast promised, thou mayst aduance Ierusalem thy citie: and I may bring to passe that which I beleuing that it may be done by thee, haue purposed.dicens: Confirma me, Domine Deus Israël, et respice in hac hora ad opera manuum mearum, ut, sicut promisisti, Jerusalem civitatem tuam erigas: et hoc quod credens per te posse fieri cogitavi, perficiam.
8And when she had said this, she went to the pillar that was at his bed’s head, and loosed his sword that hung tied upon it.E detto questo si accostò alla colonna, che era a capo del letto di lui, e ne stacco il pugnale, che ivi stava attaccato.And when she had sayd these thinges, she went to the piller, that was at his beds head, and his sword that hong tyed on it, she loosed.Et cum hæc dixisset, accessit ad columnam quæ erat ad caput lectuli ejus, et pugionem ejus, qui in ea ligatus pendebat, exsolvit. 9And when she had drawn it out, she took him by the hair of his head, and said: Strengthen me, O Lord God, at this hour.E sguainatolo, prese la chioma della sua testa, e disse: Signore, dammi coraggio in tal punto.And when she had drawen it out, she tooke him by the heare of his head, and sayd: Confirme me ô Lord God in this houre,Cumque evaginasset illum, apprehendit comam capitis ejus, et ait: Confirma me, Domine Deus, in hac hora. 10And she struck twice upon his neck, and cut off his head, and took off his canopy from the pillars, and rolled away his headless body.E due colpi gli diede sul collo, e troncò la sua testa, e tolse dalle colonne il cortinaggio di lui, e svolgendo (ne spinse in terra) il corpo tronco.and she stroke twise vpon his necke, and cut of his head, and tooke his canopie from the pillers, and rolled aside his bodie a truncke.Et percussit bis in cervicem ejus, et abscidit caput ejus, et abstulit conopeum ejus a columnis, et evolvit corpus ejus truncum. 11And after a while she went out, and delivered the head of Holofernes to her maid, and bade her put it into her wallet.E indi a poco uscì fuori, e diede alla serva il capo di Oloferne, e le ordinò di metterlo nella sua sacca.And after a while she went out, and deliuered the head of Holofernes to her mayde, and bad her put it into her wallet.Et post pusillum exivit, et tradidit caput Holofernis ancillæ suæ, et jussit ut mitteret illud in peram suam. 12And they two went out according to their custom, as it were to prayer, and they passed the camp, and having compassed the valley, they came to the gate of the city.E ambedue uscirono secondo il solito, come per andar ad orare, e passati gli alloggiamenti, e fatto il giro della valle, giunsero alla porta della città.And they two went forth, according to their custome, as it were to prayer, and they passed the campe, and compassing the valley, they came to the gate of the citie.Et exierunt duæ, secundum consuetudinem suam, quasi ad orationem, et transierunt castra, et gyrantes vallem, venerunt ad portam civitatis.
13And Judith from afar off cried to the watchmen upon the walls: Open the gates for God is with us, who hath shewn his power in Israel.E Giuditta disse da lungi alle sentinelle delle mura: Aprite la porta, perocchè il Signore è con noi, e ha fatto cosa mirabile in Israele.And Iudith a far of said to the keepers of the walles: Open the gates, because God is with vs, which hath wrought power in Israel.Et dixit Judith a longe custodibus murorum: Aperite portas, quoniam nobiscum est Deus, qui fecit virtutem in Israël. 14And it came to pass, when the men had heard her voice, that they called the ancients of the city.Or quelli, riconosciuta la voce di lei, chiamarono i seniori della città:And it came to passe, when the men had heard her voyce, they called the ancientes of the citie.Et factum est cum audissent viri vocem ejus, vocaverunt presbyteros civitatis. 15And all ran to meet her from the least to the greatest: for they now had no hopes that she would come.E corsero a lei tutti i piccoli, e i grandi perchè già più non speravano, che ella tornasse.And they ran al to meete her, from the least to the greatest: because they hoped not that now she would come.Et concurrerunt ad eam omnes, a minimo usque ad maximum: quoniam sperabant eam jam non esse venturam. 16And lighting up lights they all gathered round about her: and she went up to a higher place, and commanded silence to be made. And when all had held their peace,E accesi de' lumi, se le affollarono tutti dintorno; ed ella salita in luogo più elevato, ordinò, che facesser silenzio, e quando tutti furono cheti,And they lighting lightes gathered round about her euerie one: and she going vp into a higher place, commanded silence to be made. And when al had held their peace,Et accendentes luminaria, congyraverunt circa eam universi: illa autem ascendens in eminentiorem locum, jussit fieri silentium. Cumque omnes tacuissent, 17Judith said: Praise ye the Lord our God, who hath not forsaken them that hope in him.Disse Giuditta: Date lode al Signore Dio nostro, il quale non ha abbandonati coloro, che in lui hanno sperato.Iudith said: Prayse yee the Lord our God, who hath not forsaken them that hope in him:dixit Judith: Laudate Dominum Deum nostrum, qui non deseruit sperantes in se, 18And by me his handmaid he hath fulfilled his mercy, which he promised to the house of Israel: and he hath killed the enemy of his people by my hand this night.E per me sua serva ha dato saggio di quella misericordia, che egli promise alla casa d'Israele; e per le mie mani ha ucciso in questa notte il nimico del popol suo.and in me his handmayde he hath sulfilled his mercie, which he promised to the house of Israel: and he hath killed by my hand the enemie of his people this night.et in me ancilla sua adimplevit misericordiam suam, quam promisit domui Israël: et interfecit in manu mea hostem populi sui hac nocte.
19Then she brought forth the head of Holofernes out of the wallet, and shewed it them, saying: Behold the head of Holofernes the general of the army of the Assyrians, and behold his canopy, wherein he lay in his drunkenness, where the Lord our God slew him by the hand of a woman.E tratto fuora dalla bisaccia il capo di Oloferne, lo mostrò ad essi, dicendo: Ecco la testa di Oloferne comandante delle schiere degli Assiri, ed ecco il suo cortinaggio, dentro del quale egli giaceva ubbriaco, dove per man di una donna lo ha percosso il Signore Dio nostro.And bringing forth the head of Holofernes out of the wallet, she shewed it them, saying: Loe the head of Holofernes the general of the armie of the Assyrians, and behold his canopie, wherein he lay in his drunkennes, where the Lord our God stroke him by the hand of a woman.Et proferens de pera caput Holofernis, ostendit illis, dicens: Ecce caput Holofernis principis militiæ Assyriorum, et ecce conopeum illius, in quo recumbebat in ebrietate sua, ubi per manum feminæ percussit illum Dominus Deus noster. 20But as the same Lord liveth, his angel hath been my keeper both going hence, and abiding there, and returning from thence hither: and the Lord hath not suffered me his handmaid to be defiled, but hath brought me back to you without pollution of sin, rejoicing for his victory, for my escape, and for your deliverance.Or io giuro pel Signore, che l'Angelo di lui mi ha custodita e nell'andare, e nello stare, e nel ritornare in qua, e non ha permesso il Signore, che io sua serva fossi disonorata, ma senza macchia di peccato mi ha renduta a voi lieta di sua vittoria, e del mio scampo, e della vostra liberazione.But the same our Lord liueth, that his Angel hath kept me, both going hence, and abyding there, and from thence returning hither: and our Lord hath not suffered me his handmayde to be defyled, but without pollution of sinne he hath called me backe to you, reioysing in this victorie, in my escape, and in your deliuerie.Vivit autem ipse Dominus, quoniam custodivit me angelus ejus et hinc euntem, et ibi commorantem, et inde huc revertentem, et non permisit me Dominus ancillam suam coinquinari, sed sine pollutione peccati revocavit me vobis gaudentem in victoria sua, in evasione mea, et in liberatione vestra. 21Give all of you glory to him, because he is good, because his mercy endureth for ever.Date tutti lode a lui, perchè egli è buono, e la sua misericordia è eterna.Confesse ye al to him, because he is good, because his mercie is for euer.Confitemini illi omnes, quoniam bonus, quoniam in sæculum misericordia ejus. 22And they all adored the Lord, and said to her: The Lord hath blessed thee by his power, because by thee he hath brought our enemies to nought.Allora tutti unitamente adorando il Signore le dissero: Il Signore ti ha benedetta comunicandoti la sua possanza, e ha per mezzo di te annichilati i nostri nemici.And they al adoring our Lord, said to her: Our Lord hath blessed thee in his power, because by thee he hath brought our enemies to nothing.Universi autem adorantes Dominum, dixerunt ad eam: Benedixit te Dominus in virtute sua, quia per te ad nihilum redegit inimicos nostros.
23And Ozias the prince of the people of Israel, said to her: Blessed art thou, O daughter, by the Lord the most high God, above all women upon the earth.E Ozia capo del popolo d'Israele, le disse: Benedetta se tu, o figliuola, dal Signore Dio altissimo sopra tutte le donne della terra.Moreouer Ozias the prince of the people of Israel, said to her: Blessed art thou daughter of our Lord the high God aboue al wemen vpon the earth.Porro Ozias princeps populi Israël dixit ad eam: Benedicta es tu, filia, a Domino Deo excelso præ omnibus mulieribus super terram. 24Blessed be the Lord who made heaven and earth, who hath directed thee to the cutting off the head of the prince of our enemies.Benedetto il Signore, che creò il cielo e la terra, il quale resse la tua mano per troncare la testa del principale nostro nemico:Blessed be our Lord, which made heauen and earth, which hath directed thee vnto the woundes of the head of the prince of our enemies.Benedictus Dominus, qui creavit cælum et terram, qui te direxit in vulnera capitis principis inimicorum nostrorum: 25Because he hath so magnified thy name this day, that thy praise shall not depart out of the mouth of men who shall be mindful of the power of the Lord for ever, for that thou hast not spared thy life, by reason of the distress and tribulation of thy people, but hast prevented our ruin in the presence of our God.Perocchè egli questo dì ha talmente esaltato il tuo nome, che le tue lodi saranno mai sempre nelle bocche degli uomini, che si ricorderanno ne' secoli appresso de' prodigi del Signore per amore di questi uomini tu non hai temuto esporre la tua vita mirando le angustie, e la tribolazione della tua gente, ma nel cospetto del nostro Dio ti sei opposta a questa ruina.Because this day he hath so magnified thy name, that they prayse shal not depart out of the mouth of men, which shal be mindeful of the power of our Lord for euer, for that thou hast thy life for the distresses and tribulation of thy kinred, but hast holpen the ruine before the presence of our God.quia hodie nomen tuum ita magnificavit, ut non recedat laus tua de ore hominum qui memores fuerint virtutis Domini in æternum, pro quibus non pepercisti animæ tuæ propter angustias et tribulationem generis tui, sed subvenisti ruinæ ante conspectum Dei nostri. 26And all the people said: So be it, so be it.E tutto il popolo disse: Così è, così è.And al the people sayd: So be it, so be it.Et dixit omnis populus: Fiat, fiat. 27And Achior being called for came, and Judith said to him: The God of Israel, to whom thou gavest testimony, that he revengeth himself of his enemies, he hath cut off the head of all the unbelievers this night by my hand.E Achior essendo chiamato accorse, e Giuditta gli disse: Il Dio d'Israele, di cui tu affermasti, ch'ei fa far vendetta dei suoi nemici, egli stesso ha decollato per le mie mani questa notte il capo di tutti gl'increduli.Moreouer Achior being called came, and Iudith said to him: The God of Israel, to whom thou gauest testimonie, that he reuengeth him self of his enemies, he hath cut of the head of al the vnfaithful this night by my hand.Porro Achior vocatus venit, et dixit ei Judith: Deus Israël, cui tu testimonium dedisti quod ulciscatur se de inimicis suis, ipse caput omnium incredulorum incidit hac nocte in manu mea.
28And that thou mayst find that it is so, behold the head of Holofernes, who in the contempt of his pride despised the God of Israel: and threatened them with death, saying: When the people of Israel shall be taken, I will command thy sides to be pierced with a sword.E perchè tu conosca, che la cosa è com'io dico, ecco il capo di Oloferne, il quale con superbo disprezzo vilipese il Dio d'Israele, e a te minacciò la morte dicendo: Quando il popolo d'Israele sarà fatto prigioniero, io ordinerò, che sieno trapassati colla spada i tuoi fianchi.And that thou mayst proue that it is so, loe the head of Holofernes, who in the contempt of his pride contemned the God of Israel: and threatened thee death, saying: When the people of Israel shal be taken, I wil command thy sides to be pearsed with a sword.Et ut probes quia ita est, ecce caput Holofernis, qui in contemptu superbiæ suæ Deum Israël contempsit, et tibi interitum minabatur, dicens: Cum captus fuerit populus Israël, gladio perforari præcipiam latera tua. 29Then Achior seeing the head of Holofernes, being seized with a great fear he fell on his face upon the earth, and his soul swooned away.E Achior veggendo la testa di Oloferne, tutto sbigottito cadde boccone per terra, e perdè i sentimenti.But Achior seing the head of Holofernes, being in anguish for feare, fel on his face vpon the earth, and his soule was sore trubled.Videns autem Achior caput Holofernis, angustiatus præ pavore cecidit in faciem suam super terram, et æstuavit anima ejus. 30But after he had recovered his spirits he fell down at her feet, and reverenced her, and said:Ma quando tornò in se, ripreso lo spirito, si gettò a piedi di lei, e l'adorò, e disse:But after taking spirit agayne he was refreshed, & fel downe at her feete, and adored her, and sayd:Postea vero quam resumpto spiritu recreatus est, procidit ad pedes ejus, et adoravit eam, et dixit: 31Blessed art thou by thy God in every tabernacle of Jacob, for in every nation which shall hear thy name, the God of Israel shall be magnified on occasion of thee.Benedetta tu dal tuo Dio in tutti i tabernacoli di Giacobbe: perocchè presso tutte le nazioni, che sentiranno rammentare il tuo nome sarà in te glorificato il Dio d'Israello.Blessed art thou of thy God in euerie tabernacle of Iacob, because in euerie nation, which shal heare thy name, the God of Israel shal be magnified in thee.Benedicta tu a Deo tuo in omni tabernaculo Jacob, quoniam in omni gente quæ audierit nomen tuum, magnificabitur super te Deus Israël.
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Drunk. Greek, "drowned in wine."
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The. Greek, "her chamber."
Haydock
Watch. Greek adds, "her coming out, as on other days; for she had said she would go out to pray, and she had told this to Bagoas. And all had departed," etc. All these precautions were necessary. (Haydock)
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Judith. She seems not to have disclosed her secret even to her companion, taking the whole upon herself.
Calmet
Lips. Greek, "in her heart." (Calmet)
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Hesychius
Pillar. Greek kanoni, "the rule," (Calmet) or pole on which the arms were hung. (Hesychius)
Calmet
Sword, (acinace) used by the Persians, (Menochius) and shorter than the Greek or Roman sword. (Calmet)
Haydock
If she had not been inspired by God to act thus, like Aod, (Judges iii.) it would be difficult to excuse her, in thus hurrying a man, in the most wretched state, before the judgment-seat of God. (Haydock)
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Menochius
Canopy, to convince all that it was the head of Holofernes. (Menochius)
Tirinus
Body, on the ground; (chap. 14:14.) perhaps to cut off the head more easily, (Calmet) and that it might appear more ghastly (Haydock) at the first entrance. (Tirinus)
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Menochius
While, having composed herself, (Haydock) and done every thing necessary to prevent detection. (Menochius)
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Haydock
Open. Greek repeats, "open ye now the gate; God, our God is with us, still to shew power in Israel, and strength against the enemies, as he hath done to-day." (Haydock)
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That. Greek, "they hastened to descend to the gate of their city, and called," etc.
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Had now. Greek, "it was a paradox to them that she should come, and they opened the gate, and received them."
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Haydock
And she. Greek, "said to them with a loud voice: Praise God, praise, yea praise God, because he hath not withdrawn his mercy from the house of Israel, but hath destroyed our enemies by my hand this night." (Haydock)
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Worthington
Drunkenness. "The fasting of one woman overthrew an innumerable host of drunkards. (St. Ambrose, de jej. ix.) (Worthington)
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Haydock
And abiding. Greek, "for my face has deluded him to his ruin, and he has not committed sin with me, for defilement and shame. And all the people were much amazed; and bowing down, they adored the Lord, and said, with one accord: Our God, thou art blessed, because this day thou hast brought the enemies of thy people to nought." (Haydock)
Worthington
Judith's guardian angel defended her; as Jacob's did him, Genesis xlviii. (Worthington)
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Menochius
Prince, in that town, though Manasses was king. (Menochius)
Greek, "Ozias said."
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Praise. Greek, "hope."
For that. Greek, "and may God make these things turn to thy eternal exaltation, to regard thee for good; because thou hast not."
Haydock
Ruin. Greek adds, "walking aright in," etc. (Haydock)
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And. This is related after ver. 5, in the following chapter, in Greek, Syriac, and the old Vulgate, (Calmet) and indeed it seems to be there in its proper place.
Haydock
Head, or general. (Haydock)
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Fear. Astonished (Menochius) at the instability of human things, and admiring how God had rescued him from the threatened danger.
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Haydock
Reverenced. Literally, "adored;" a word often used in this sense. (Haydock)
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The s•s•ing of one woman ouer threw an innumerable host of dr•• ka•d•, • Amb. li. 〈◊〉 〈…〉 & El••. c. 9.
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If Bethulia had benne taken Ierusalem also had b•u• in extreme danger: sor 〈…〉 wherof God had made more special promise to Dauid and others. Isa••. 37 38. &c
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Iudiths proper Aug•••• defended her, as Iacobs •• gel deliuered him from all euiles. 〈◊〉. 48.
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sant'Atanasio di Alessandria † 373 d.C. Festal and Personal Letters of Athanasius 4
… again festal meetings, again holy vigils arouse our minds, and compel our intellect to keep vigil unto contemplation of good things. Let us not fulfil these days like those that mourn, but, by enjoying spiritual food, let us seek to silence our fleshly lusts . For by these means we shall have strength to overcome our adversaries, like blessed Judith
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1. FESTINAVERUNT SERVI ILLIUS AD HOSPITIA SUA, — ne ebrii et gressu vacillantes visi a populo irriderentur, sed domi in lecto dormientes vinum crapulamque digererent. « Erant enim omnes fatigati a vino, » vers. 3; Vatablus, eo quod omnes defessi essent longa compotatione. Egit hoc Dei providentia, ut omnes vino consopiti abirent, et somnum captarent, ne quis vigilaret et audiret id quod Judith machinabatur. Vide hic rursum quam gula et crapula sit improvida, faciatque ut omnes sopiantur, ita ut nemo vigilum ante fores Holofernis (uti fieri solet) excubet.
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5. DIXITQUE JUDITH PUELLÆ SUÆ, UT STARET FORIS ANTE CUBICULUM, ET OBSERVARET, — ne quis propius ad cubiculum accederet, et audiret ea quæ ipsa in cubiculo, mactando Holofernem, agebat. Græca uberius habent: Et dixit Judith servæ suæ stare extra cubiculum ipsius, et observare exitum ejus, sicut quotidie. Exire enim dixit ad orationem suam. Et Bagoæ locuta est juxta verba hæc. Et abierunt omnes a facie Domini sui, et nemo remansit in cubiculo a parvo usque ad magnum.
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6. ORANS CUM LACRYMIS. — Rem enim inauditam plenam periculo, ac vires animosque feminæ superantem aggrediebatur: quare a Deo robur et audaciam lacrymans poscebat, dicens: « Confirma me, Domine Deus. » Græca plenius habent: Domine Deus omnis virtutis, respice in hora hac super opera manuum mearum in exaltationem Jerusalem; quoniam nunc tempus suscipere hæreditatem tuam, et facere studium meum in quassationem hostium, qui insurrexerunt nobis.
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8. ET PUGIONEM EJUS. — Græce: Et acinacem ejus, hoc est gladium Persicum, brevem et recurvum, quales nunc sunt gladii Turcarum, vulgo scimitarræ vocantur. Hinc liquet Holofernem fuisse Persam, ut tradit Cedrenus.
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9. APPREHENDIT COMAM CAPITIS EJUS, — ut certius fortiusque eum feriret, ne ipse aliqua corporis agitatione et motu, qui in somnis dormientibus obvenit, ictum declinaret aut infringeret: manu ergo sinistra tenuit comam, ut caput retineret immotum ad ictum vibrantis dexteræ recipiendum. Porro Persas prolixam comam alere solitos docet Xenophon lib. I Cyropædiæ, et Herodotus lib. I, ubi Persas vocat κομήτας, id est, crinitos et comatos.
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10. ET PERCUSSIT BIS IN CERVICEM EJUS, — non punctim, sed cæsim, ut caput jacentis, et stertentis amputaret: quare totis viribus acinacem in collum Holofernis impegit, ac secundo ictu caput ab humeris resecuit (1). Unde Græca habent: Et percussit in cervicem ejus bis in fortitudine sua. Mirum est S. Augustinum serm. 228, pro « bis » legere « ter. » Simili modo Attila rex Hunnorum superbissimus, qui se nominabat flagellum Dei, et in aciem educebat septingenta armatorum millia, adeoque Theodosium imperatorem sibi tributum pendere cogebat, ac spe totius orbis imperium devorabat, a Deo superbos humiliante per feminam occisus est. Audi Baronium anno Christi 454: « Hoc anno Æthio adhuc vivente, Attila, inquit Marcellinus, Æthii hortatu, noctu mulieris manu cultro confoditur. » Ita terror orbis, qui viros omnes despiciebat, feminæ unius manu occidit. Sic et Abimelech rex, vel potius tyrannus Sichimorum, interfectus est a femina, quæ fragmine molæ ei cerebrum comminuit, Judic. IX, 53. ET ABSCIDIT CAPUT EJUS, — ut illud secum deferret, et in trophæum muris Bethuliæ affigeret, itaque metu Assyrios percelleret, et in fugam compelleret, uti reipsa contigit: ita Judith sobria ebrium, casta incestum, fidelis infidelem, justa injustum, humilis superbum, pia impium truncavit; imo verius sobrietas ebrietatem, castitas libidinem, fides perfidiam, justitia injustitiam, humilitas superbiam, pietas impietatem mactavit. Ita S. Fulgentius, epist. 2 De statu viduali: « Denique, cum Holofernes innumero Bethuliam obsedisset exercitu, et omnis Israelitarum virtus perturbata languesceret, egreditur castitas oppugnatura lasciviam, et ad interitum superbiæ humilitas sancta procedit. Ille pugnabat armis, ista jejuniis; ille ebrietate, ista oratione. Igitur quod omnis Israelitarum populus facere non potuit, sancta vidua castitatis virtute perfecit. Obtruncavit una mulier tanti agminis ducem, et insperatam Dei populo reddidit libertatem. » Audi S. Ambrosium lib. III Offic. cap. XIII: « Primus triumphus ejus fuit, quod integrum pudorem de tabernaculo hostis revexit. Secundus, quod femina de vino reportavit victoriam, fugavit populos consilio suo. Horruerunt Persæ audaciam ejus. Utique (quod in illis Pythagoreis duobus mirantur), non expavit mortis periculum; sed nec pudoris, quod est gravius bonis feminis: non unius ictum carnificis, sed nec totius exercitus tela trepidavit. Stetit inter cuneos bellatorum femina, inter victricia arma, secura mortis. Quantum ad molem spectat periculi, moritura processit: quantum ad fidem, dimicatura. Honestatem igitur secuta est Judith, et dum eam insequitur, utilitatem etiam invenit. » Causas honestatis, sive virtutis multiplicis in Judith subjicit, dicens: « Honestatis enim fuit prohibere ne populus Dei profanis se dederet, ne ritus patrios et sacramenta proderet, ne sacras virgines, viduas graves, pudicas matronas barbaricæ subjiceret impuritati, ne obsidionem deditione solveret. Honestatis fuit se malle pro omnibus periclitari, ut omnes eximeret periculo. Quanta honestatis auctoritas, ut consilium de summis rebus femina sibi vindicaret, nec principibus populi committeret! Quanta honestatis auctoritas, ut Deum adjutorem præsumeret! quanta gratia, ut inveniret! » Tropologice tuus Holofernes est gula, superbia, luxuria, avaritia, ira, acedia. Hanc generose supera et macta, ac tuum Holofernem mactasti. Allegorice Holofernes typus est Diaboli, cujus caput vera Judith, id est B. Virgo contrivit juxta oraculum a Deo editum, Genes. III. Judith Holofernem terrorem Orientis singulari certamine, quasi in duello, suo ipsius acinace sine vulnere velut ludibunda cecidit, et quod magis fuit arduum, pudicitiam e mediis impudicorum castris intactam, et opimis spoliis triumphantem reduxit. At B. Virgo innumeras dæmonum phalanges duello singulari prostravit, et in dies prosternit, et castitatis triumphum non tantum in se, sed in omnibus virginibus castisque sui asseclis celebravit et celebrat: imo, quod omnia jura naturæ superat, Virgo simul est, et Mater Dei; ac una trino cognomine gaudet: Una Dei pariter filia, sponsa, parens. Judithæ acclamarunt Assyrii: « Non est talis mulier super terram. » Et: « Nomen tuum memorabitur in universa terra. » B. Virgini quotidie in ejus hymnis acclamat Ecclesia: « Beatam te dicent omnes generationes. » Judith forma fuit admirabili, ut ad eam omnes obstupescerent. B. Virgini accinit Ecclesia: « Diffusa est gratia in labiis tuis, speciosa et suavis facta es in deliciis tuis, sancta Dei genitrix; » imo Christus ipse in Cant.: « Tota pulchra es, amica mea, formosa mea, columba mea. » Porro Judithæ pulchritudo Holofernem excitavit ad luxuriam: at B. Virginis forma intuentes excitabat ad castitatem. Audi S. Ambrosium lib. De institutione virginum, cap. VII: « Cujus (inquit loquens de Virgine) tanta erat gratia, ut non solum in se virginitatis gratiam servaret, sed etiam his quos viseret integritatis insigne conferret. Visitavit Joannem Baptistam, nec immerito mansit integer corpore, quem in tribus mensibus, oleo quodam suæ præsentiæ et integritatis unguento Domini mater exercuit. » Ita S. Ambrosius et S. Thomas III Sententiarum, dist. III, Quæst. II, ad 4: « Pulchritudo, inquit, B. Virginis intuentes ad castitatem excitabat. » Juditham timuerunt et fugerunt Assyrii: B. Virginem timent omnes dæmones et impii. Unde S. Bernardus citatus a S. Bonaventura in Speculo B. Virginis, cap. IX: « Non sic, inquit, timent hostes visibiles quasi cæterorum aciem copiosam, sicut aëreæ potestates Mariæ vocabulum, patrocinium et exemplum: fluunt et pereunt sicut cera a facie ignis, ubicumque inveniunt crebram hujus nominis recordationem, devotam invocationem, sollicitam imitationem. » Judith clausa in oratorio Deum suis jejuniis, ciliciis, precibus, lacrymis Israeli conciliavit: Beata Virgo clausa in cubiculo, ac jejuniis et gemitibus inenarrabilibus obsecrans Deum pro mundi reconciliatione, meruit Angelum pacis paranymphum excipere, qui eam hujus pacis mediatricem per Verbi in ea incarnationem annuntiaret. Judithæ victrici acclamavit populus: « Tu gloria Jerusalem, tu lætitia Israel, tu honorificentia populi nostri; quia fecisti viriliter, et confortatum est cor tuum. » Idem et longe majora B. Virgini accinunt Patres, Doctores et omnes Orthodoxi. ET ABSTULIT CONOPEUM, — una cum capite, ut ex eo qui norant Holofernem, agnoscerent caput illud esse illius, non calonis, vel mancipii cujuspiam; simul ut conopeum tot gemmis intextum victoriæ tantæ esset spolium simul et trophæum. ET EVOLVIT CORPUS TRUNCUM. — Græce: et revolvit corpus ejus e lecto, scilicet in pavimentum. Unde postea veniens Vagao, vidit corpus suum in suo sanguine cruentum et saniosum jacere in terra. Fecit id Judith, ut Hebræis ex urbe erumpentibus Assyrii confugientes ad Holofernem eum in terra truncum videntes, metu obstupescerent, et obrigescerent, ut arma capere et Hebræis resistere non auderent.
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11. ET POST PUSILLUM EXIVIT, — quia paulisper consedit ad respirandum: omnes enim vires et spiritus exeruerat in crassa Holofernis cervice truncanda; sed et metus periculi, ne facinus innotesceret, spiritum ei intercluserat, ut eum sedendo et respirando recolligere opus foret. Simul id fecit, ut si quid cruoris vesti suæ adhæsisset, illud abstergeret; ac præsertim, ut statim Deo pro hoste tam feliciter cæso summas ageret gratias.
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15. QUONIAM SPERABANT (id est timebant. Sic Poeta ait: Et sperate (id est, timete) deos memores fandi atque nefandi.) EAM NON ESSE VENTURAM, — sed captivam ab Assyriis detineri. Insolito ergo nuntio reditus Judith, exciti omnes concurrerunt; tum ut eam, de qua desperarant, viderent; tum ut ab ea audirent quid ab ea gestum foret, quidve spei obsessis et ad extrema reductis affulgeret.
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20. VIVIT AUTEM IPSE DOMINUS (id est juro per vitam Dei), QUONIAM CUSTODIVIT ME ANGELUS EJUS ET HINC EUNTEM, ET IBI COMMORANTEM, ET INDE HUC REVERTENTEM, ET NON PERMISIT ME DOMINUS ANCILLAM SUAM COINQUINARI. — Jurat Judith se per Angelum custoditam ab omni Assyriorum petulentia et libidine; quia hoc Hebræis incredibile videbatur, ut femina tam speciosa tam impudicorum manus evaderet. Et certe humanitus id erat impossibile; Deo autem et Angelis id fuit possibile et facile. Scivit Judith Angelum sibi tutelarem affuisse, sive quod eum aspectabili forma viderit; sive quod inspirationes ejus assidue audierit, quibus sentiebat se admoneri et dirigi per omnia, ut sciret quid qualibet hora et loco sibi agendum foret et dicendum; sive quod alia præsentiæ et directionis suæ signa Angelus ei dederit, ut tam heroicum facinus animose aggrederetur, nec de felici ejus successu dubitaret. Sic Angelus visibiliter apparebat, dirigebatque S. Cæciliam cum S. Valeriano sponso ad castitatem et martyrium, æque ac S. Julianum, et Basiliam, S. Franciscam Romanam, similesque eximios sanctos, præsertim virgines. Porro Serarius, Salianus et alii censent hunc Angelum fuisse unum e primis et primariis, propter negotii magnitudinem, in quo totius populi et Ecclesiæ Dei salus vertebatur. Unde nonnulli putant eum fuisse S. Michaelem. Hic enim olim erat protector Synagogæ, sicut nunc Ecclesiæ. Alii opinantur fuisse sanctum Gabrielem, qui sicut a fortitudine nomen habet (Gabriel enim hebraice idem est quod fortitudo Dei), sic operibus Heroum et Heroinarum generosis et fortibus (quale erat hoc Judith) adest et præest, ut patet Daniel. X, 20, ut ipse ait: « Nunc revertar ut prælier (pro Hebræis) adversum Principem Persarum. » Hinc Gabriel fuit nuntius incarnationis Verbi (quod divinæ potentiæ et fortitudinis opus fuit maximum), ideoque custos B. Virginis Deiparæ. Audi beatum Petrum Damianum serm. 5. de Nativitate B. Virginis, ubi per thronum Salomonis duobus leonibus stipatum, mystice accipiens B. Virginem: « Duo leones, ait, sunt Gabriel Archangelus, et Joannes Evangelista, quorum alter dexteræ Virginis, alter sinistræ custos deputatus est. Gabriel enim mentem, Joannes carnem pervigili sollicitudine servaverunt. » Leæna pariter fuit hic Judith Holofernem lanians: leo ergo illi natus est Gabriel, qui fortissime et castitatem ejus tutaretur, et dexteram ejus in cæde tyranni roboraret. Alii hoc decus victoriæ Judith assignant sancto Raphaeli. Hic enim est præses sanctitatis ac dux viarum et viatorum æque ac castitatis tutor, ut dixi in Tobia. Ipse ergo Juditham castam, sanam et sanctam duxerit et reduxerit. Porro quod Angeli sanctis et castis heroica destinantibus adsint et præsint, patet ex illis quæ annotavi Exodi cap. XXIII, vers. 20 et seq. et Danielis cap. X, vers. 20.
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21. CONFITEMINI ILLI OMNES. — Vide hic modestiam, gratitudinem, constantiam et pietatem Judithæ, qua totum decus suæ fortitudinis et victoriæ, non sibi, sed Deo adscribit. Porro solebant Hebræi, accepto aliquo insigni beneficio in gratiarum actionem concinere psalmum centesimum decimum septimum. « Confitemini Domino, quoniam bonus, quoniam in sæculum misericordia ejus, » ut nos concinimus: « Te Deum laudamus. »
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23. PORRO OZIAS PRINCEPS POPULI ISRAEL DIXIT AD EAM: BENEDICTA ES TU FILIA A DOMINO DEO EXCELSO PRÆ OMNIBUS MULIERIBUS SUPER TERRAM. — Huc allusit Gabriel Archangelus salutans B. Virginem: « Ave, gratia plena, benedicta tu in mulieribus. » Judith enim fuit umbra et typus B. Virginis; unde sequitur: 25. QUIA HODIE NOMEN TUUM ITA MAGNIFICAVIT, UT NON RECEDAT LAUS TUA (Græce est spes tua, id est memoria et laus spei tuæ, qua sperans in Deum, tantam victoriam Israeli peperisti) DE ORE HOMINUM. — Tale prorsus est nomen Beatæ Mariæ, de quo Beatus Petrus Chrysologus, Serm. 146: « Nomen hoc, inquit, prophetiæ germanum est, hoc renascentibus salutare, hoc virtutis insigne, hoc pudicitiæ decus, hoc indicium castitatis, hoc Dei sacrificium, hoc hospitalitatis virtus, hoc collegium sanctitatis: merito ergo matris Christi nomen hoc est maternum. » Hæc Chrysologus. Methodius, orat. in hypapantem: « Tuum, inquit, Dei genitrix, nomen divinis benedictionibus et gratiis omni ex parte refertum. » Et S. Bernardus, hom. 2. super missus est: « Si insurgant, inquit, venti tentationum: si incurras scopulos tribulationum, respice stellam, voca Mariam: si iracundia, aut avaritia, aut carnis illecebra naviculam concusserit mentis, respice ad Mariam; si criminum immanitate turbatus, conscientiæ fœditate confusus, judicii terrore, barathro desperationis incipias turbari, vel absorberi, et tristari: in periculis, in angustiis, in rebus dubiis Mariam cogita, Mariam invoca, non recedat ab ore, non recedat a corde. » Ita Serarius, Sanchez et alii. PRO QUIBUS (id est eo quod, est Hebraismus) NON PEPERCISTI ANIMÆ (id est vitæ) TUÆ (offerens et exponens eam evidenti mortis periculo), PROPTER ANGUSTIAS ET TRIBULATIONEM GENERIS TUI (id est gentis tuæ, ut scilicet patriam et cives tuos obsidio et excidio liberares), SED SUBVENISTI RUINÆ, — eam præveniens et avertens, ne rueret civitas et respublica Israelis.
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29. VIDENS AUTEM ACHIOR CAPUT HOLOFERNIS ANGUSTIATUS PAVORE (præ horrore capitis truncati Holofernis undique cruenti et sanguinolenti), CECIDIT IN FACIEM SUAM SUPER TERRAM, ET ÆSTUAVIT ANIMA ILLIUS. — Græce: defecit, seu, exsolutus est spiritus, id est deliquium animi passus est, stupore scilicet tam insperatæ et inopinatæ rei attonitus variis perturbationum motibus in cor ejus confluentibus. Abibat enim imminentis sibi, et nominatim denuntiatæ mortis timor, succedebat confidentia; fugiebat tristitia, subintrabat gaudium: diffidentia locum cedebat admirationi, et simul cum hujus prodigii contemplatione fides, spes, charitas et dona Spiritus Sancti infidelitatem expellebant, ut mox dicetur. Ita Salianus.
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.