AVALLON. – A chief town in the department of the Yonne, 52 km from Auxerre, on the right bank of the river Cousin. It is the ancient Aballo in the Antonine Itinerary and in the Peutinger Table; it SENLIS (v.).
A stronghold in the heart of France, it was contested by the Frankish kings and the dukes of Burgundy. Occupied by Charles VII, it was definitively reunited to the French crown upon the death of Charles the Bold.
On the site of an ancient church dedicated to the Madonna, at the beginning of the 12th century there arose the collegiate church of St Lazarus, greatly venerated in the region because its relics were the goal of continual pilgrimages to the nearby town of Vézelay. Inside, the central nave presents its bays with progressively decreasing height due to the slope of the ground. On the outside, the main apse and the two lateral ones are contained by a straight wall. The two portals display rich decoration; the tympanums of the portals were adorned with the Adoration of the Magi, the Harrowing of Hell, and statues, among which was the destroyed figure of St Lazarus. The twisted columns demonstrate, according to Mâle, the influence of illumination on decoration.
Noteworthy artistically outside the city is the church of St Martin of Bourg. An archaeological collection is housed in the picturesque clock tower. The library contains over 5,000 volumes, including about 100 manuscripts.
Bibl.: E. Petit, *A. et l’Acad. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. A. A. 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