AVALLON. - Capoluogo nel dipartimento dell'Yonne a 52 km. da Auxerre, sulla riva destra del fiume Cousin. È l'antica Aballo nell'Itinerario di Antonino e nella tavola Peutingeriana; SENLIS (v.). Piazzaforte nel cuore della Francia fu contesa dai re Franchi e dai duchi di Borgogna. Occupata da Carlo VII, venne definitivamente riunita alla corona di Francia, alla morte di Carlo il Temerario.
Sul posto d'una antica chiesa dedicata alla Madonna, sorse all'inizio del sec. XII la collegata di S. Lazzaro, veneratissimo nella regione perché le sue reliquie erano
meta di continui pellegrinaggi nella vicina città di Vézelay. Nell’interno la navata centrale presenta le sue campate con altezza progressivamente minore dato il pendio del terreno. All’esterno l’abside principale e le due laterali sono contenute da un muro rettilineo. I due portali presentano una ricca decorazione; i timpani dei portali erano decorati con l’adorazione dei Magi, con la discesa al limbo e con statue, tra le quali quella distrutta di s. Lazzaro. Le colonne tortili dimostrano, secondo il Mâle, l’influenza della miniatura sulla decorazione.
Fuori città è notevole artisticamente la chiesa di S. Martino di Bourg. Una collezione archeologica è raccolta nella pittoresca torre dell’orologio. La biblioteca contiene oltre 5000 voll. c. 100 manoscritti.
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