CLOUET, JEAN

Image from page 1094
Image from page 1094

CLOUET, Jean. - Painter and draftsman, born in the Low Countries (?) c. 1485, died in Paris in 1540. He is recorded in Tours from 1516, where he also executed large altarpieces; from 1529 he settled in Paris and worked especially as a portraitist. In the service of Francis I, he produced numerous portraits of court personalities and of the king himself (Louvre, Chantilly, Uffizi), and miniatures for books (Gallic Wars, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris). His greatest merit lies in his portrait drawings, of which the museum at Chantilly possesses the most famous examples. These drawings rival those of Holbein in delicacy, but are more stylized and refined in technique and expression.

His son, François, born in Tours before 1522, died in Paris in 1572, followed his father’s style in the art of portraiture and, after the father’s death, took his place as court painter to Francis I (1541); he remained in this position under Henry II and Charles IX. He is renowned for his drawings. A painted portrait of P. Cutté in the Louvre dates from 1562; among his many portraits of princes, etc., that of Henry II in the Uffizi (1559) is one of the best known.

Bibl.: H. Bouchot, Les C. et Corneille de Lyon, Paris 1892; E. Moreau-Nélaton, Les crayons de Chantilly, 4 vols., ibid. 1902–1904; A. Germain, Les C., ibid. 1906; E. Moreau-Nélaton, Les C., ibid. 1908; L. Dimier, s. V. in Thieme-Becker, VII, pp. 19–20; H. S. Ede, Authenticated information concerning J. and F. C., in Burlington Magazine, 42 (1923), pp. 111–29; L. Dimier, Histoire de la peinture de portrait en France, 2 vols., Paris 1924, passim; E. Moreau-Nélaton, Les C. et leurs émules, 3 vols., ibid. 1924; I. Adler, Die C., in Jahrbuch der Kunsthist. Sammlungen, Wien, 3 (1929), pp. 201–46; H. Malo, Les C. de Chantilly, Paris 1932; L. Dimier, Dessins français du XVIe siècle, ibid. 1941.