DRUŽBICKI, KASPAR

DŻWIECKI (DZIWIECKI), KASPAR. — Polish Jesuit, preacher, and writer, born on 6 Jan. 1590 at Sieradz (Greater Poland), died at Poznań on 2 Apr. 1662. He taught logic, governed many of his brethren, and for seven years served as master of novices; twice he was Provincial of Poland (1629–33, 1650–1654). Together with Fr. Łęczycki (Lancicius), D. is the most prominent figure among Polish Jesuits of the 17th century. Of holy life, he was favored with singular graces and even with the gift of miracles.

He wrote several widely circulated pamphlets on the excellences of Jesus Christ and His Passion: Tractatus de variis Passionem D. N. Iesu Christi meditandi modis (Lublin 1652). Apart from this and two or three other works, most of D.’s writings were printed after his death. The most celebrated are Droga do-skonatoci circhezijakisjkej (The Way of Christian Perfection; Kalisz 1665); Przemysły zysku duchownego (Means of Spiritual Profit; Cracow 1671); and in Latin, Tribunal conscientiae (Cracow 1672); Provisiones senectutis (Kalisz 1673); Negotiatio spiritualis (Cracow 1674); De perenni Divinae voluntatis intentione (Kalisz 1680); Lapis Lydia bonis spiritus (Prague 1690), etc. All his spiritual works were collected by Fr. D. Pawłowski (2 vols., Poznań–Kalisz 1686–91), prefaced by a biography and followed by a complete list of his manuscripts.

Bibl.: Sommervogel, III, cols. 212–24; P. de Chastonny, K. D. Ein aszt aus dem 17. Jahrh., in Stimmen aus Maria Laach, 83 (1912), pp. 160–69.