JOHN OF AUSTRIA. - Natural son of Philip IV of Spain and of Maria Calderón, born in Madrid on 7 April 1629. He revealed uncommon military aptitudes. In 1647 he suppressed in Naples the Masaniello-Annese revolt. He was then viceroy of Sicily. Sent against the insurgent Catalonia, he captured Barcelona and Gerona and drew up the convention that put an end to the revolt.
Governor of the Netherlands (1656), he was defeated by Turenne in the battle of the Dunes (14 June 1658). He then commanded the Spanish army against Portugal: he captured various fortified cities, but was finally defeated at Estremoz (8 June 1663). On the death of Philip IV (1665), he led the opposition against the widowed queen, the regent Marianna. At court he had a formidable adversary in the Jesuit Everardo Nidhard, confessor and counsellor of the queen: don G. forced her to exile him. When Charles II came of age, he was removed, through the intrigues of the queen mother, and appointed viceroy of Aragon, whence he returned, obtaining that the Queen and her new counsellor, Valenzuela, should be exiled. Charles II made him his first minister (1676): Spain then had a brief period of tranquillity. He died in Madrid on 17 Sept. 1689. He is buried at the Escorial.
BibliographyA. Risco, Don Juan de A., Madrid 1918. For other bibliography, B. Sánchez Alonso, Fuentes de la historia española e hispano-americana, 2nd e
BIBL.: A. Risco, Don Juan de A., Madrid 1918. For other bibliography, B. Sánchez Alonso, Fuentes de la historia española e hispano-americana, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Madrid 1927, see index.
“Giovanni d'Austria.” In Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. VI, coll. 512–513. Città del Vaticano: Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1951. https://azioneromana.com/article/giovanni-d-austria-2.
MLA
“Giovanni d'Austria.” Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. VI, Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1951, coll. 512–513. Azione Romana, https://azioneromana.com/article/giovanni-d-austria-2.
BibTeX
@incollection{ec6_giovanni_d_austria_2,
author = {Redazione},
title = {Giovanni d'Austria},
booktitle = {Enciclopedia Cattolica},
volume = {VI},
pages = {512--513},
note = {Cited by column},
publisher = {Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico},
address = {Città del Vaticano},
year = {1951},
url = {https://azioneromana.com/article/giovanni-d-austria-2}
}
One of some 20,000 entries brought back from the twelve printed volumes (1948–54). Spotted something? Help us improve it.
Click or scroll to zoom · drag to pan · Esc to close
