Also known as:
French: l'Autrichienne, Marie-Antoinette d'Autriche;
Italian: Maria Antonietta d'Asburgo-Lorena
MARIE ANTOINETTE, Queen of France. - Daughter of Francis of Lorraine and Maria Theresa of Habsburg, b. in Vienna on Nov. 2, 1755. In 1770 she married Louis, second dauphin of France, and in 1776, on the death of Louis XV, she became queen of France. For some years she was idolized by the French people, especially after the birth of the Dauphin. But the setbacks caused to French interests by the policy of agreements with the government of Vienna (family pact) created such discontent in France that M. A. came to be regarded as responsible for that policy.
The carefree life of the court of Versailles, while the country's economic situation worsened, drew popular hatred upon M. A. The Queen was unable to react against the corrupt environment; in the revolutionary crisis that began in 1789 she was unable to assist the weak Louis XVI with prudent counsel: she was not even aware of the gravity of the situation. The attempts to flee, to find support abroad, and political intrigues compromised her definitively. Arrested with the King on the revolutionary day of Aug. 10, 1792, she was confined in the Temple and, after a mock trial, was beheaded on Oct. 16, 1793.
Bibliography5 worksIn addition to the general works on France and on the Revolution, see P. De Goncourt, Histoire de Marie Antoinette, Paris 1878; M. De La Roc
BIBL.: In addition to the general works on France and on the Revolution, see P. De Goncourt, Histoire de Marie Antoinette, Paris 1878; M. De La Rochesterie, Histoire de Marie Antoinette, ibid. 1890; P. De Nolhac, La reine Marie Antoinette, ibid. 1890; P. M. De Ségur, Marie Antoinette, ibid. 1927; A. Leroy, Marie Antoinette, ibid. 1946.
Francesco Cognasso
MARIE ANTOINETTE, queen of FRANCE. M. A. on the cart that leads her to the scaffold. Sketch by L. David.(from S. Zweig, M. A., Milan 1923, fasc. between pp. 106 and 117)
Cognasso, Francesco. “Maria Antonietta, regina di francia.” In Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. VIII, coll. 129–130. Città del Vaticano: Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1952. https://azioneromana.com/article/maria-antonietta-regina-di-francia.
MLA
Cognasso, Francesco. “Maria Antonietta, regina di francia.” Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. VIII, Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1952, coll. 129–130. Azione Romana, https://azioneromana.com/article/maria-antonietta-regina-di-francia.
BibTeX
@incollection{ec8_maria_antonietta_regina_di_fra,
author = {Cognasso, Francesco},
title = {Maria Antonietta, regina di francia},
booktitle = {Enciclopedia Cattolica},
volume = {VIII},
pages = {129--130},
note = {Cited by column},
publisher = {Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico},
address = {Città del Vaticano},
year = {1952},
url = {https://azioneromana.com/article/maria-antonietta-regina-di-francia}
}
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