Also known as:
Count-Duke of Olivares, Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares;
Spanish: Conde-Duque de Olivares, el conde-duque
(from Liutprandi opera quae extant, Antwerp 1628, pl. 2) OLIVARES, GASPAR DE GUZMÁN de - Portrait. Engraving from a painting by P. P. Rubens - Copy in the Vatican Library.
OLIVARES, GASPAR DE GUZMÁN DE. - Known as the "count-duke," Spanish minister, b. in Rome in 1587, d. at Toro (Zamora) on 22 July 1645. Son of Henry, ambassador of Spain to Rome. Philip III appointed him in 1615 gentleman of the chamber to the hereditary Prince. The latter, having become Philip IV, entrusted him with the direction of the affairs of State.
O. began his government with an energetic purge of all the powerful and corrupt favorites, reduced expenses, sought to restore the national economy. But he did not succeed in eradicating abuses and was himself accused of having improperly enriched himself. In order to raise Spanish prestige he committed the country to the Thirty Years' War, which exhausted its resources. His responsibility has, however, been exaggerated, because the decline of Spain does not begin with him, and because he found himself having to struggle with a politician such as Richelieu. The military reverses, the Catalan revolt of 1640 and the Portuguese secession of 1641 caused him to fall into disgrace, so much so that he was dismissed in 1643.
Bibliography4 worksM. Hume, La cour de Philippe IV et la décadence de l'Espagne, Paris 1911, passim; E. Werner, Eine Gedichtsammlung über den Sturz des Conde-D
BIBL.: M. Hume, La cour de Philippe IV et la décadence de l'Espagne, Paris 1911, passim; E. Werner, Eine Gedichtsammlung über den Sturz des Conde-Duque de O., in Revue hispanique, 72 (1928), pp. 256-323; G. Marañon, El Conde-Duque de O., Madrid 1936; A. Leman, Richelieu et O. Leurs négociations secrètes de 1636 à 1642 pour le rétablissement de la paix, Lille 1938.
Palmarocchi, Roberto. “Olivares, gaspar de guzman de.” In Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. IX, col. 101. Città del Vaticano: Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1952. https://azioneromana.com/article/olivares-gaspar-de-guzman-de.
MLA
Palmarocchi, Roberto. “Olivares, gaspar de guzman de.” Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. IX, Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1952, col. 101. Azione Romana, https://azioneromana.com/article/olivares-gaspar-de-guzman-de.
BibTeX
@incollection{ec9_olivares_gaspar_de_guzman_de,
author = {Palmarocchi, Roberto},
title = {Olivares, gaspar de guzman de},
booktitle = {Enciclopedia Cattolica},
volume = {IX},
pages = {101},
note = {Cited by column},
publisher = {Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico},
address = {Città del Vaticano},
year = {1952},
url = {https://azioneromana.com/article/olivares-gaspar-de-guzman-de}
}
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