GIOSEPPE CHIOVENDA. Jurist, born at Premosello (Novara) in 1872; died there on 5 November 1937. He taught at the Universities of Parma, Bologna, Naples, and Rome.
He may be considered the founder of the new Italian school of procedure. An advocate of orality and procedural concentration, he contributed, among other things, the concept of the action as a power-right distinct from substantive law, and that of the procedural legal relationship. Chiovenda’s work is also important for canon law, since many of his concepts have been applied and adapted—especially through the efforts of Prof. Francesco Roberti—to the procedure set forth in Book IV of the Code of Canon Law.
Principal publications: *La condanna alle spese* (1900); *Romanesimo e Germanesimo* (1901); *L’azione nel sistema dei diritti* (1903); and finally that monumental work first entitled *Principi* and later *Istituzioni di diritto processuale civile*, which Chiovenda began in 1906 and continued to work on almost until the end of his life, issuing various revised and expanded editions.