Also known as:
German: Philipp der Großmütige, Landgraf Philipp von Hessen;
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse
PHILIP THE MAGNANIMOUS. - Landgrave of Hesse, b. 13 Nov. 1504, d. 31 March 1567. He succeeded his father William II in 1509 and, after some years of regency, assumed power in 1518, excluding the nobles from any interference in the government. With great energy he suppressed the peasants' revolt. Initially hesitant before the "Reformation," in 1524 a conversation with Melanchthon convinced him to adhere to it.
From this moment F. strove to create a union of all the Evangelicals. To this end he convened in 1526 the colloquy of Homberg, where the Reformatio Hassiae was deliberated, which established a presbyterian order and the autonomy of the communities, but which was never put into effect. Persistently insisting on his program of unity, F. brought Luther and Zwingli together at Marburg in 1529, but the attempt was unsuccessful. F.'s conduct placed him in increasingly bitter conflict with the Emperor and with the Catholic princes. After the Diet of Augsburg, Hesse and Saxony led the Schmalkaldic League. A grave blow to the interests of the Evangelicals was dealt by F.'s scandalous private life: in 1540 he separated from his wife Christina of Saxony and, with her consent, married a lady-in-waiting. The affair leaked out and caused an uproar; since the laws of the Empire punished bigamy with capital punishment, F. paid for Charles V's clemency with the commitment to prevent the Schmalkaldic League from allying with France and England. In the Schmalkaldic War F. operated feebly and gave no help to Saxony, which was attacked by the imperial forces. After the battle of Mühlberg (1547), F. submitted to the Emperor, who had him deported to the Netherlands, where he was freed only in 1552 by the revolt of the princes.
Bibliography2 worksW. Rockwell, Die Doppelsche des Landgrafen Philipp von Hessen, Marburg 1904. For further bibliography cf. H. See-A. Rebillen, Le XVIe siècle
BIBL.: W. Rockwell, Die Doppelsche des Landgrafen Philipp von Hessen, Marburg 1904. For further bibliography cf. H. See-A. Rebillen, Le XVIe siècle, Paris 1934, p. 81 ff. and the bibliography of the entries LUTERO; SIFORMA, furthermore cf. H. Jedin, Storia del Concho di Trento, I, Italian trans., Brescia 1949, see index.
Palmarocchi, Roberto. “Filippo Il Magnanimo.” In Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. V, coll. 1319–1320. Città del Vaticano: Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1950. https://azioneromana.com/article/filippo-il-magnanimo.
MLA
Palmarocchi, Roberto. “Filippo Il Magnanimo.” Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. V, Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1950, coll. 1319–1320. Azione Romana, https://azioneromana.com/article/filippo-il-magnanimo.
BibTeX
@incollection{ec5_filippo_il_magnanimo,
author = {Palmarocchi, Roberto},
title = {Filippo Il Magnanimo},
booktitle = {Enciclopedia Cattolica},
volume = {V},
pages = {1319--1320},
note = {Cited by column},
publisher = {Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico},
address = {Città del Vaticano},
year = {1950},
url = {https://azioneromana.com/article/filippo-il-magnanimo}
}
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