Also known as:
German: Jakob II;
James VII of Scotland;
French: Jacques II;
Latin: Jacobus II
JAMES II, King of England. - B. in London on 15 Oct. 1633, d. at St. Germain on 17 Sept. 1701. The second son of Charles I, he was taken prisoner in the revolution in which, the throne having been overthrown, his father had lost his life. After two years of imprisonment (1646-48) he managed to escape, first to Holland and then to France. When the restoration took place with his brother Charles II, he returned to his homeland and in 1672 publicly announced his conversion to Catholicism. His second marriage to Mary Beatrice of Modena (1673) accentuated the hostility by which he was surrounded, and his ties with France and his favor for the Catholic cause obliged him to take refuge in Belgium (1678).
Nevertheless, on the death of his brother (1685) he ascended the throne without opposition and proved himself a skillful administrator of the army and the navy. But he encountered grave difficulties from the very beginning of his religious policy. His resolute course of Catholic restoration in a country by then deeply rooted in Protestantism created a bloody chain of rebellions and repressions, which exacerbated relations between the sovereign and his many opponents, so much so that these turned to William of Orange, son-in-law of J. II and favorable to the Anglican party. William landed in England at the head of an army and was proclaimed king (1688), while J. II had to flee to France.
Bibliography5 worksO. Klopp, Der Fall der Stuart, I-IX, Vienna 1875-81, see index; H. Belloc, James II, London 1928; G. N. Clark, The later Stuarts, Oxford 193
BIBL.: O. Klopp, Der Fall der Stuart, I-IX, Vienna 1875-81, see index; H. Belloc, James II, London 1928; G. N. Clark, The later Stuarts, Oxford 1934; J. Lane, King James the last, London 1941; F. C. Turner, James II, New York 1948. On relations with the Holy See: G. Gigli, Il Nunzio Pontificio d'Adda e la seconda rivoluzione inglese, in Nuova rivista storica, 23 (1939), pp. 285-352.
Musatti, Gabriele. “Giacomo II, re d'inghilterra.” In Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. VI, col. 325. Città del Vaticano: Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1951. https://azioneromana.com/article/giacomo-ii-re-d-inghilterra.
MLA
Musatti, Gabriele. “Giacomo II, re d'inghilterra.” Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. VI, Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1951, col. 325. Azione Romana, https://azioneromana.com/article/giacomo-ii-re-d-inghilterra.
BibTeX
@incollection{ec6_giacomo_ii_re_d_inghilterra,
author = {Musatti, Gabriele},
title = {Giacomo II, re d'inghilterra},
booktitle = {Enciclopedia Cattolica},
volume = {VI},
pages = {325},
note = {Cited by column},
publisher = {Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico},
address = {Città del Vaticano},
year = {1951},
url = {https://azioneromana.com/article/giacomo-ii-re-d-inghilterra}
}
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