John the Almoner

GIOVANNI L'ELEMOSINIERE. – In Greek: Ἐλεήμων (= “merciful”), patriarch of Alexandria in Egypt, born at Amato (Cyprus) in the second half of the sixth century, died there around 619. After his wife and children had died, he distributed his considerable wealth to the poor and devoted himself to a life of perfection. The fame of his goodness had spread so widely that the clergy and people of Alexandria requested him from the Emperor as patriarch (610–611).

He fought effectively against Monophysitism and the abuses that had arisen among the clergy and the people, reviving the practices of religion; but above all he distinguished himself in his generosity toward the poor, whom he called “his masters.” As soon as he took office, he had a list of them drawn up, which reached the number of 7,500, and provided them with alms every day; he visited and assisted hospitals, hospices, and monasteries; almost all his income went to almsgiving, and God Himself intervened several times in extraordinary ways. The Persian invasion of Egypt forced him to take refuge in Amato, where he died not long afterward.

His body was taken to Constantinople; subsequently it was donated by the sultan to Giovanni Corvino, king of Hungary (1458), who had it placed in his royal chapel at Buda; in 1530 it was transferred to Tali, near Presburg, and from there, on 23 January 1632, to the cathedral of Presburg itself. Among the Greeks, his feast falls on 12 November (cf. Synax. Constantinop., cols. 215–19); in the Martyr. Romanum, on 23 January.

G. composed a Life of the patriarch St. Tychon of Alexandria, but only a few fragments remain (published

by H. Usener, Der hl. Tychon, Leipzig 1907). – Vedi tav. XLIV.

BIBL.: Lives: the one written by his two friends and collaborators, Sophronius and Moschus, has been lost (cf. nevertheless H. Delchaye, Une vie inédite de St Jean l'Aumônier, in Anal. Boll., 45 (1927), pp. 5–74); there one would like to see, more or less, the text of Sophronius and Moschus. Another was written by Leontius of Neapolis (Cyprus), Vita i Ioannis Elemosynarii, to fill the gaps in the first (Greek text in PG 93, 1613–68; Latin translation by Anastasius the Librarian in PL 73, 337–92); a third is found in Simon Metaphrastes, Vita et conversatio, 1. Patris nostri Ioannis Alexandriae episc., (PG 114, 895–903), largely dependent on Leontius. Studies: Acta SS. Ioannii, II, Paris 1863, pp. 111–31; H. Gelzer, Leonios von Neapolis Leben des hl. Joh., Erzbischof von Alex., Freiburg im Breisgau 1893 (the Greek text and the German translation are provided); H.F.F. Duckworth, St. John the Almugiver, patr. V. ALFEO., London 1901. Celestino Testore
Cite this article

“GIOVANNI L'ELEMOSINIERE.” Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. VI (1951), p. 352. Azione Romana digital edition, https://azioneromana.com/article/giovanni-l-elemosiniere.