GUERRA JUNQUEIRO, ABÍLIO MANUEL. - Portuguese poet, b. at Freixo-de-Espada-à-Cinta on 17 Sept. 1850, d. at Lisbon on 7 July 1923. He combined literary activity with politics (he was a deputy in various legislatures and Portugal's minister at Bern), but disappointments led him to retire to a farm of his own, where he also occupied himself with radiobiology.

His output, colorful and sonorous, exemplarily represents the rebellious and social poetry of the late nineteenth century. He was against the Church, against the monarchy, against the Romantic models. Irreverent even in its title is Velhice do Padre Eterno (1885), repudiated by the author in 1921 and called "abominable"; pantheistic are Orapão ao Pão (1902) and Orapão à Luz (1903). In his last years he underwent a religious evolution, which nevertheless did not arrive at reconciliation with the Church; he wished, however, for a Catholic burial and an image of St. Francis of Assisi on his coffin. He wrote, among other things: A morte de dom João (1874), Finii patriae (1890), Os simples (1892); Patria (1896).

Bibliography4 works

BIBL.: J. Agostinho, G. J., Oporto 1909; F. de Figueiredo, Hist. de la litt. realista, Lisbon 1914, pp. 84-102; A. de Campos, Autologia portuguesa: J., ibid. 1921; F. de Souza, G. J. e Zola, Oporto 1922.

Enzo Navarra

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Guerra Junqueiro, Abílio Manuel

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