MASSIMUS. – Cynic philosopher of the 4th century. Born in Alexandria to a humble family, he embraced Christianity from his youth and professed himself a philosopher. Ignorant, avaricious and turbulent, he wandered from city to city to procure his livelihood. His misconduct earned him exiles and condemnations, which he later claimed as sufferings for the faith.
In this way he succeeded in deceiving many, even St Gregory Nazianzen, who numbered him among his friends and delivered a public eulogy of him. Through schemes, intrigues and money, and with the support of the bishop of Alexandria, he managed to have himself consecrated bishop of Constantinople, but was driven from the city, condemned by the emperor Theodosius, repudiated by Pope Damasus and deposed by the Council of Constantinople (381). He returned to Alexandria, but since he disturbed that Church he was exiled. He came to Italy and again succeeded in deceiving the good faith of the Fathers of the Council of Aquileia (381) and even St Ambrose; but when his misdeeds were exposed, he was finally abandoned.