Machine translation of the 1948–1954 Italian original. The original text is authoritative.
SAMGAR (Hebrew: Samgar). — A judge of Israel. The only reference to him is in Judg 3:31, where it states that he “followed Adonibezek” (q.v.), the second Israelite judge, and that he “killed 600 Philistines with an ox-goad” and thus “saved Israel”; it is also mentioned in the Song of Deborah (ibid. 5:6).
The fact that in the sequence of the Book of Judges, immediately after the above notice about S., the narrative resumes with the second judge Adonibezek is one of the sure proofs that some judges did not exercise permanent and long-lasting authority over all Israel. In this particular case it is possible that it was an incidental episode: for example, that S. was at his work and defended himself from a “raid” (a Philistine reconnaissance?) with the only means at his disposal.
The name S. appears to be Hurrian: the Hurrians, at the time of the Judges, dominated in Aram-naharaim, from which they made incursions into Canaan (cf. Judg 3:8).
(from Jüdisches Lexikon, IV. 2, Berlin 1936), cols. 69–70, s.V. Samaritaner.
SAMARITAN, PENTATEUCH — High Priest (photo of 1923) before the most venerated P. S. (13th cent. A.D.) in the synagogue of Nablus.
BIBL.: The earliest bibliography in E. Kautzsch, Samaritaner, in Realencykl. f. prot. Theol., XVII (1906), cols. 440–45. Also: E. Meyer (B. Luther), Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstämme, Halle 1906, pp. 543–47; J. A. Montgomery, The Samaritans, Philadelphia 1907, pp. 286–90; C. C. Torrey, Ezra studies, Chicago 1910, pp. 321–33; P. Glauc-A. Rahlfs, Fragmente einer griech. Übersetzung des samarit. Pentateuchs, Berlin 1911, pp. 31–68; anon., Samaritan (Pentateuque), in DB, V (1912), cols. 142–24; C. Steuernagel, Einleitung in das Alte Test., Tübingen 1912, pp. 43–44; J. J. Munro, The Samar. Pentat. and modern criticism, London 1912; A. von Gall, Der hebr. Pentat. der Samarit., Giessen 1914–18 (cf. N. Peters, in Bibl. Zeitsch., 13 [1915], pp. 97–106); P. Kahle, Untersuch. zur Gesch. des Pentateuchtextes, in Theol. Studien und Kritiken, 88 (1915), pp. 309–430 (fundamental); id., Aus der Gesch. der ältesten Bibelhandschrift, in Baudissinfestschrift, Giessen 1918, pp. 247–60 (on the history of the oldest manuscript cf. id., The Cairo Geniza [Schweich lectures], London 1947, pp. 50 n., 229; it has not yet been photographed and made accessible, except for an insignificant passage); Ch. Heller, The Samar. Pentat., Berlin 1923; D. Rettig, Mémar Marqa, Stuttgart 1934; C. W. Dugmore, Two Samar. manuscripts in the library of Queen’s College, Cambridge, in Journ. of theology. studies, 36 (1935), pp. 131–45; L. Goldberg, Das samarit. Pentateuchtargum, Stuttgart 1935; E. Robertson, Catalogue of the Samar. manuscripts in the John Rylands Library, Manchester 1938; A. Sperber, in Hebrew union college annual, 12–13 (1937–38), pp. 103–274; 14 (1939), pp. 153–219; R. H. Pfeiffer, Introd. to the Old Test., New York 1941, pp. 101–104, 200–202; G. Gerleman, Synoptic Studies in the Old Test., Lund 1948; B. J. Roberts, The Old Test. text and versions, Cardiff 1951, pp. 188–96; S. Talmon, The Samaritan Pentateuch, in Journ. of Jewish Studies, 2 (1951), pp. 144–50.
SAMARITAN, PENTATEUCH — Established by decree of 14 June 1951 and co-
