STEFANO IX (X), POPE. - Elected abbot of Montecassino
(23 May 1057) and created cardinal priest of the
title of S. Crisogono on 14 June, he received the votes
of the electors on 2 August and received consecration on the 3rd.
He was the brother of Goffredo, duke of Lorena. The Emperor
had not been informed of his election, but the monk Ildebrando
managed to secure his approval of II. He was deeply concerned with
the reform of the clergy, but lacked the time to carry it out,
because he died in Florence on 28 March 1058.
BIBL.: Lib. Pont., II, p. 278; U. Robert, Le pape Etienne X,
in Rev. des questions hister., 20 (1876), pp. 49-76; id., Un pape
belge: hist. du pape Etienne X, Bruxelles 1892; F. Wattendorf,
Papst Stephan IX., Münster 1883; A. Fliche-V. Martin, Hist.
de l'Eglise, VIII, Parigi 1946, pp. 13-15. Guglielmo Mollat