Expositions on the Book of Psalms 98

St Augustine of Hippo (AD 354–430) · Enarrationes in Psalmos · PL 36, 67–1027

98.1 Psalm XCVIII PL 36, 1258

1. “O sing unto the Lord a new song” (ver. 1). The new man knoweth this, the old man knoweth it not. The old man is the old life, and the new man the new life: the old life is derived from Adam, the new life is formed in Christ. But in this Psalm, the whole world is enjoined to sing a new song. More openly elsewhere the words are these: “O sing unto the Lord a new song; sing unto the Lord, all the whole earth;” that they who cut themselves off from the communion of the whole earth, may understand that they cannot sing the new song, because it is sung in the whole, and not in a part of it. Attend here also, and see that this is said. And when the whole earth is enjoined to sing a new song, it is meant, that peace singeth a new song. “For He hath done marvelous things.” What marvelous things? Behold, the Gospel was just now being read, and we heard the marvellous things of the Lord. The only son of his mother, who was a widow, was being carried out dead: the Lord, in compassion, made them stand still; they laid him down, and the Lord said, “Young man, I say unto thee, Arise.”…“The Lord hath done marvellous things.” What marvellous things? Hear: “His own right hand, and His holy arm, hath healed for Him.” What is the Lord’s holy Arm? Our Lord Jesus Christ. Hear Isaiah: “Who hath believed our report, and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed?” His holy arm then, and His own right hand, is Himself. Our Lord Jesus Christ is therefore the arm of God, and the right hand of God; for this reason is it said, “hath He healed for Him.” It is not said only, “His right hand hath healed the world,” but “hath healed for Him.” For many are healed for themselves, not for Him. Behold how many long for that bodily health, and receive it from Him: they are healed by Him, but not for Him. How are they healed by Him, and not for Him? When they have received health, they become wanton: they who when sick were chaste, when cured become adulterers: they who when in illness injured no man, on the recovery of their strength attack and crush the innocent: they are healed, but not unto Him. Who is he who is healed unto Him? He who is healed inwardly. Who is he that is healed inwardly? He who trusteth in Him, that when he shall have been healed inwardly, reformed into a new man, afterwards this mortal flesh too, which doth languish for a time, may in the end itself even recover its most perfect health. Let us therefore be healed for Him. But that we may be healed for Him, let us believe in His right hand.

Fratres, notum esse jam debet Charitati vestrae, tanquam filiis Ecclesiae, et eruditis in schola Christi per omnes Litteras antiquorum patrum nostrorum, qui scripserunt verba Dei, et magnalia Dei, nobis eos consulere voluisse, qui futuri eramus hoc tempore jam credentes in Christum; qui opportuno tempore venit ad nos, primo humilis, postea venturus excelsus. Primo enim venit ante judicem staturus: postea venturus est judex sessurus, ut ante illum stet pro merito suo genus humanum. Praecesserunt autem illum multi praecones, tanquam judicem magnum, et hunc adhuc in humilitate venturum. Multi praecones praecesserunt adhuc nasciturum de virgine Maria, futurum infantem, et sucturum lac; futurum parvulum, Verbum Dei per quod facta sunt omnia, praecesserunt multi praecones, et dixerunt futura ista tempora: sed ita dixerunt, ut quibusdam figuris rerum tegerent sententias suas, ipsumque velamen quo tecta est veritas in Libris antiquorum, tunc tolleretur, quando jam ipsa veritas de terra oriretur. Sic enim dicitur in psalmo: «Veritas de terra orta est, et justitia de coelo prospexit» . Modo ergo tota intentio nostra est, quando Psalmum audimus, quando Prophetam, quando Legem, quae omnia antequam veniret in carne Dominus noster Jesus Christus, conscripta sunt, Christum ibi videre, Christum ibi intelligere. Intendat ergo nobiscum Charitas vestra ad istum psalmum, et quaeramus hic Christum: utique apparebit quaerentibus, qui primo apparuit non quaerentibus; et non deseret desiderantes se, qui redemit negligentes se. Ecce de illo coepit Psalmus, de illo dicitur.

98.2 PL 36, 1258

2. “The Lord hath made known His salvation” (ver. 2). This very right hand, this very arm, this very salvation, is our Lord Jesus Christ of whom it is said, “And all flesh shall see the salvation of God;” of whom also that Simeon who embraced the Infant in his arms, spoke, “Lord, now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace; for mine eyes have seen Thy salvation.” “The Lord hath made known His salvation.” To whom did He make it known? To a part, or to the whole? Not to any part specially. Let no man betray, no man deceive, no man say, “Lo, here is Christ, or there:” the man who saith, Lo, He is here, or there, pointeth to some particular spots. To whom “hath the Lord declared His salvation”? Hear what followeth: “His righteousness hath He openly showed in the sight of the heathen.” Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ is the right hand of God, the arm of God, the salvation of God, and the righteousness of God.

[«vers. 1.] Dominus regnavit, irascantur populi.» Coepit enim regnare Dominus noster Jesus Christus, coepit praedicari, postquam resurrexit a mortuis et ascendit in coelum, posteaquam implevit discipulos suos fiducia Spiritus sancti, ut non timerent mortem, quam ille jam occiderat in se. Coepit ergo praedicari Dominus Christus, ut in illum crederent qui salutem habere vellent; et irati sunt populi qui idola colebant. Irascebantur qui colebant quod fecerant, quia annuntiabatur ille a quo facti sunt. Utique ille annuntiabat per discipulos suos seipsum, qui illos volebat converti ad eum a quo facti erant, et averti ab eis quae ipsi fecerant. Illi pro idolo suo irascebantur Domino suo, qui si pro idolo suo irascerentur servo suo, damnandi erant. Melior enim servus eorum, quam idolum eorum: servum enim eorum Deus fecit, idolum eorum faber fecit. Sic irascebantur pro idolo suo, ut irasci non timerent Domino suo. Sed «irascantur,» praedictum est, non jussum; in prophetia enim dicitur, «Dominus regnavit, irascantur populi.» Est quod fiat et de populis irascentibus: illi irascantur, et in ira ipsorum martyres coronentur. Quid fecerunt annuntiatoribus verbi veritatis, nubibus Christi circumeuntibus orbem terrarum et compluentibus agrum Dei? Quid illis fecerunt qui irascebantur, nisi ut inter manus eorum caro affligeretur, et in manibus Christi spiritus coronaretur? Nec ipsa caro quam persecutores occidere potuerunt, ita mortua est ut in aeternum interiret: habebit enim tempus suum quo resurgat et ipsa; quia resurrectionem carnis jam ostendit Dominus in seipso. Inde illam voluit a nobis accipere, ut de nostra possemus non desperare. Ergo, fratres, caro servorum quam occiderunt cultores idolorum, resurget in tempore suo: idola quae fregit Christus, nunquam iterum faciet faber. Audistis, cum Jeremias legeretur ante apostolicam lectionem, si aurem apposuistis; vidistis ibi tempora praesentia quae nunc agimus. Dixit enim: «Dii qui coelum et terram non fecerunt, pereant de terra et de sub coelo» . Non dixit, Dii qui coelum et terram non fecerunt, percant de coelo et de terra; quia nunquam fuerunt in coelo: sed quid dixit? «Dii qui coelum et terram non fecerunt, pereant de terra.» Quasi respondit ad terram, et defuit quod responderet de coelo, quia illi non fuerunt in coelo: ipsam terram bis dixit, quia ipsa est sub coelo. «Pereant de terra et de sub coelo,» de templis suis. Videte si non fit, si non ex magna parte jam factum est: quid enim remansit, aut quantum remansit? Magis remanserunt idola in cordibus Paganorum, quam in locis templorum.

98.3 PL 36, 1259

3. “He hath remembered His mercy to Jacob, and His truth unto the house of Israel” (ver. 3). What meaneth this, “He hath remembered His mercy and truth”? He hath pitied, so that He promised; because He promised and showed His mercy, truth hath followed: mercy hath gone before promise, promise hath been fulfilled in truth.…

“And His truth unto the house of Israel.” Who is this Israel? That ye may not perchance think of one nation of the Jews, hear what followeth: “All the ends of the world have seen the salvation of our God.” It is not said, all the earth: but, “all the ends of the world:” as it is said, from one end to the other. Let no man cut this down, let no man scatter it abroad; strong is the unity of Christ. He who gave so great a price, hath bought the whole: “All the ends of the world.”

Ergo, «Dominus regnavit, irascantur populi. Qui sedet super Cherubim:» subaudis, «regnavit. Commoveatur terra.» Iterum dixit, «Irascantur populi.» Quod enim dixit, «Dominus;» hoc repetivit, «Qui sedet super Cherubim:» et quod dixit, «regnavit,» subaudiri fecit in alio versu: et quod ait, «Irascantur populi;» hoc dixit, «Commoveatur terra.» Quid sunt enim populi, nisi terra? Quantum potest irascatur terra ei qui jam sedet in coelo. Fuit enim Dominus et in terra, et assumpsit terram in qua esset in terra. Induit se carnem, et prior voluit pati irascentes populos. Ne iram populorum timerent servi ejus, prior illam pati voluit: et quia necessaria erat ira populorum servis ejus, ut a peccatis suis omnibus per ipsas tribulationes curarentur, et sanarentur; amarum poculum prior medicus bibit, ne bibere timeret aegrotus. Ergo, «Dominus regnavit, irascantur populi:» irascantur populi, quia de ira ipsorum multa bona facit Deus. Illi irascuntur, et servi Dei purgantur; quia exercentur, coronantur. «Irascantur populi. Qui sedet super Cherubim» regnavit; «commoveatur terra.» Cherubim sedes Dei est, sicut Scripturae tradunt, coelestis quaedam sedes sublimis, quam nos non videmus; sed verbum Dei novit illam, novit tanquam sedem suam, et ipsum Verbum Dei et Spiritus Dei dixit servis Dei ubi sedeat Deus. Non quia sic sedet Deus, quomodo homo: sed tu si vis ut sedeat in te Deus, si bonus eris, sedes Dei eris; sic. enim scriptum est, «Sedes sapientiae, anima justi.» Thronus enim, latine sedes dicitur. Nam et ipsum Cherubim interpretati sunt quidam quid diceretur latine, qui noverunt linguam illam hebraeam; quia hebraea lingua dictum est Cherubim; et dixerunt esse Cherubim Plenitudinem scientiae. Ergo quia superat Deus omnem scientiam, super plenitudinem scientiae sedere dicitur. Sit in te ergo plenitudo scientiae, et eris et tu sedes Dei. Sed forte dicturus es: Et quando in me erit plenitudo scientiae? et quis potest ad tantum culmen pervenire, ut sit in illo plenitudo scientiae? Putas hoc velle Deum, ut sit in nobis ista plenitudo scientiae, ut noverimus aut quot sint stellae, aut quot sint grana, non dico arenae, sed tritici, aut quot poma pendeant in arbore? Ille novit omnia; quia capilli nostri numerati sunt Deo . Sed alia est plenitudo scientiae quam voluit hominem nosse; ad legem Dei pertinet scientia quam te voluit habere. Et quis potest, forte dicas mihi, perfecte nosse Legem, ut habeat in se plenitudinem scientiae Legis, et possit esse sedes Dei? Noli turbari; breviter tibi dicitur quid habeas, si vis habere plenitudinem scientiae, et esse sedes Dei: ait enim Apostolus, «Plenitudo autem Legis charitas» . Quid ergo est? Perdidisti totam excusationem. Interroga cor tuum, vide utrum habeat charitatem. Si est ibi charitas, est ibi plenitudo Legis; jam in te habitat Deus, sedes Dei factus es. «Irascantur populi;» quid facient irascentes populi ei qui factus est sedes Dei? Qui contra te saeviant, attendis; qui in te sedeat, non attendis. Coelum factus es, et terram times? Dicit enim alio loco Scriptura Dominum Deum nostrum dicere, «Coelum mihi sedes est» . Si ergo et tu habendo plenitudinem scientiae, et habendo charitatem, utique sedes Dei factus es, coelum factus es. Non enim hoc coelum oculis his nostris quod suspicimus, valde pretiosum est Deo. Coelum Dei, animae sanctae sunt; coelum Dei, mentes Angelorum sunt, et omnes mentes servorum ejus. Ergo «irascantur populi, commoveatur terra;» quid facturi, aut quid factura sedi Dei, et coelo ubi sedet Deus?

98.4 PL 36, 1260

4. Because they have seen, then, “Make a joyful noise unto the Lord, all ye lands” (ver. 4). Ye already know what it is to make a joyful noise. Rejoice, and speak. If ye cannot express your joy, shout ye; let the shout manifest your joy, if your speech cannot: yet let not joy be mute; let not your heart be silent respecting its God, let it not be mute concerning His gifts. If thou speakest to thyself, unto thyself art thou healed; if His right hand hath healed thee for Him, speak thou unto Him for whom thou hast been healed. “Sing, rejoice, and make melody.”

[«vers. 2.] Dominus in Sion magnus, et excelsus est super omnes populos.» Dominus in Sion magnus et excelsus est. Ecce, si obscurum tibi erat, quia dictum est, «Qui sedet super Cherubim,» nesciebas quid est Cherubim; et forte tibi figurabas animo quamdam cathedram coelestem, ingentem, gemmatam, et ipsam dicebas Cherubim, carnali sensu volitans per phantasmata: dictum est tibi quia Cherubim plenitudo scientiae est; et dictum est quia plenitudo scientiae, non cujuslibet scientiae, sed plenitudo scientiae Legis utilis est homini; et ne desperares de ipsa scientia Legis, breviter tibi dictum est, «Plenitudo Legis charitas.» Habeto ergo charitatem in Deum et in proximum, et eris sedes Dei; pertinebis ad Cherubim. Sed si adhuc non intelligis, audi quid sequatur: «Dominus in Sion magnus.» Quem tibi dixi super Cherubim, in Sion magnus est. Jam quaere quid est Sion? Sion novimus civitatem Dei esse. Sion dicta est civitas quae est Jerusalem; dicta autem ex interpretatione quadam nomen accipiens, quia Sion Speculatio dicitur, id est visio et contemplatio. Speculari enim prospicere est, vel conspicere, vel intendere ut videas. Est autem Sion omnis anima, si intendit videre lucem quae videnda est. Nam si ad suam attenderit, tenebratur: si ad lucem illius attenderit, illuminatur. Quia tamen manifestum est Sion civitatem Dei esse; quae est civitas Dei, nisi sancta Ecclesia? Homines enim amantes se invicem, et amantes Deum suum qui in illis habitat, faciunt civitatem Deo. Quia lege quadam civitas continetur; lex ipsa eorum, charitas est; et ipsa charitas, Deus est: aperte enim scriptum est, «Deus charitas est» . Qui ergo plenus est charitate, plenus est Deo; et multi pleni charitate, civitatem faciunt Deo. Ista civitas Dei vocatur Sion: ergo Ecclesia est Sion. In illa est magnus Deus. In illa esto, et non erit praeter te Deus. Cum autem fuerit in te Deus, quia tu factus es de Sion, membrum de Sion, civis de Sion, pertinens ad societatem populi Dei; excelsus in te erit Deus super omnes populos, super illos qui irascuntur, aut super illos qui irascebantur. Putatis enim quia tunc irascebantur, et modo non irascuntur? Irascebantur tunc: sed quia plures erant, aperte irascebantur; modo quia pauci facti sunt, occulte irascuntur. Interim fracta est audacia; finietur et iracundia.

98.5 PL 36, 1261

5. “Make melody unto the Lord upon the harp: on the harp and with the voice of a Psalm” (ver. 5). Praise Him not with the voice only; take up works, that ye may not only sing, but work also. He who singeth and worketh, maketh melody with psaltery and upon the harp. Now see what sort of instruments are next spoken of, in figure: “With ductile trumpets also, and the sound of the pipe of horn” (ver. 6). What are ductile trumpets, and pipes of horn? Ductile trumpets are of brass: they are drawn out by hammering; if by hammering, by being beaten, ye shall be ductile trumpets, drawn out unto the praise of God, if ye improve when in tribulation: tribulation is hammering, improvement is the being drawn out. Job was a ductile trumpet, when suddenly assailed by the heaviest losses, and the death of his sons, become like a ductile trumpet by the beating of so heavy tribulation, he sounded thus: “The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away; blessed be the name of the Lord.” How did he sound? How pleasantly doth his voice sound? This ductile trumpet is still under the hammer.…We have heard how he was hammered; let us hear how he soundeth: let us, if it please you, hear the sweet sound of this ductile trumpet: “What! shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil?” O courageous, O sweet sound! whom will not that sound awake from sleep? whom will not confidence in God awake, to march to battle fearlessly against the devil; not to struggle with his own strength, but His who proveth him. For He it is who hammereth: for the hammer could not do so of itself.…See how (I dare so speak, my brethren) even the Apostle was beaten with this very hammer: he saith, “there was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan, to buffet me.” Behold he is under the hammer: let us hear how he speaketh of it: “For this thing,” he saith, “I besought the Lord thrice, that it might depart from me. And He said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for My strength is made perfect in weakness.” I, saith His Maker, wish to make this trumpet perfect; I cannot do so unless I hammer it; in weakness is strength made perfect. Hear now the ductile trumpet itself sounding as it should: “When I am weak, then am I strong.”…

Putatis enim, fratres, quia illi quorum hesterno die organa concrepabant, non irascuntur de jejuniis nostris? Non autem eis irascamur, sed pro eis jejunemus. Dixit enim nobis Dominus Deus noster qui sedet in nobis, ipse nobis mandavit ut oremus pro inimicis nostris, oremus pro persequentibus nos : et cum hoc facit Ecclesia, prope finiti sunt persecutores. Exaudita est enim cum hoc faceret, et exauditur cum hoc facit: praevalebant malo suo, finiti sunt bono suo. Quomodo enim finiti sunt, vultis nosse? Manducati sunt ab Ecclesia. Quaeris illos in se, et non invenis; quaere in ea quae illos manducavit, et in visceribus ejus inveniuntur. Transeuntes enim ad Ecclesiam, christiani facti sunt; perierunt persecutores, creverunt praedicatores. Ideo per dies festos ipsorum, quia videmus eos qui reliqui facti sunt, insanire adhuc in voluptatibus suis malis et perversis, rogamus pro illis Deum, ut qui delectabiliter audiunt organum, delectabilius audiant vocem Dei. Non enim quod sonat sine ratione delectat aurem, et verbum Dei non delectat cor. Sed ideo pro illis oramus, quando diebus illorum festis non jejunamus, ut fiant sibi ipsi spectaculum. Quando enim viderint se, displicebunt sibi; sed ideo non sibi displicent, quia non se attendunt. Ebrius non sibi displicet, sed sobrio displicet. Da hominem qui jam jucundatur in Deo, vivit graviter, suspirat in illam pacem aeternam quam illi promisit Deus; et vide quia quando respexerit hominem saltantem ad organum, plus illum dolet insanientem, quam phreneticum febrientem. Ergo si novimus mala illorum, quia de ipsis malis et nos liberati sumus, doleamus illos; et si dolemus illos, oremus pro illis; et ut exaudiamur, jejunemus pro illis. Non enim nos nostra jejunia celebramus per dies festos illorum. Alia sunt jejunia nostra quae celebramus per dies Paschae futuros, per alia atque alia quae solemnia nobis sunt in Christo: per istos autem dies ad hoc jejunamus, ut quando ipsi laetantur, nos pro illis gemamus. Laetitia enim sua admonent dolorem nostrum, et faciunt nos recordari quam miseri sint adhuc. Sed quia videmus multos inde liberatos, ubi et nos fuimus, nec de illis desperare debemus. Et si adhuc irascuntur, nos oremus; et si adhuc commovetur particula terrae quae remansit, nos permaneamus in gemitu pro ipsis, ut et illis Deus tribuat intellectum, et nobiscum audiant voces istas, de quibus modo gaudemus. «Dominus in Sion magnus, et excelsus est super omnes populos.»

98.6 PL 36, 1262

6. The voice of the pipe of horn, what is it? The horn riseth above the flesh: in rising above the flesh it needs must be solid so as to last, and able to speak. And whence this? Because it hath surpassed the flesh. He who wisheth to be a horn trumpet, let him overcome the flesh. What meaneth this, let him overcome the flesh? Let him surpass the desires, let him conquer the lusts of the flesh. Hear the horn trumpets.…What meaneth this, “Set your affection on things above”? It meaneth, Rise above the flesh, think not of carnal things. They were not yet horn trumpets, to whom he now spoke thus: “I could not speak unto you, brethren, as unto spiritual, but as unto carnal, even as unto babes in Christ. I have fed you with milk, and not with meat; for hitherto ye were not able to bear it: neither yet now are ye able. For ye are yet carnal.” They were not therefore horn trumpets, because they had not risen above the flesh. Horn both adhereth to the flesh, and riseth above the flesh; and although it springeth from the flesh, yet it surpasseth it. If therefore thou art spiritual, when before thou wast carnal; as yet thou art treading the earth in the flesh, but in spirit thou art rising into heaven; for though we walk in the flesh, we do not war after the flesh.…Brethren, do not reproach brethren whom the mercy of God hath not yet converted; know that as long as ye do this, ye savour of the flesh. That is not a trumpet which pleaseth the ears of God: the trumpet of boastfulness maketh the war fruitless. Let the horn trumpet raise thy courage against the devil; let not the fleshly trumpet raise thy pride against thy brother. “Make a joyful noise in the sight of the Lord the King.”

[«vers. 3, 4.] Confiteantur nomini tuo magno.» Ips omnes populi, super quos magnus es in Sion, jam «confiteantur nomini tuo magno.» Parvum fuit nomen tuum, quando irascebantur: factum est magnum; jam confiteantur. Quomodo dicimus parvum fuisse nomen Christi, antequam praeclare diffamaretur Christus? Quia nomen ipsius fama ipsius dicitur. Parvum nomen erat; jam modo nomen magnum factum est. Quae gens est quae non audivit nomen Christi? Jam ergo magno nomini tuo confiteantur populi qui ante parvo nomini tuo irascebantur: «Confiteantur nomini tuo magno.» Quare confiteantur? «Quoniam terribile et sanctum est.» Ipsum nomen tuum terribile et sanctum est. Sic praedicatur crucifixus, sic praedicatur humiliatus, sic praedicatur judicatus, ut veniat et excelsus, veniat vivus, in virtute veniat judicaturus. Modo parcit populis blasphemantibus, quia patientia Dei ad poenitentiam adducit . Non enim qui modo parcit, semper habet parcere; aut qui modo praedicatur ut timeatur, non est venturus ut judicet. Venturus est, fratres mei, venturus est: timeamus illum, et sic vivamus, ut ad dexteram illius inveniamur. Venturus est enim, et judicaturus, ut alios ponat ad sinistram, alios ad dexteram . Et non illud facit ipse quomodocumque, ut erret forte in hominibus, ut qui ad dexteram ponendus est, ad sinistram ponatur; aut qui ad sinistram debet stare, errante Deo ad dexteram ponatur: non potest errare, ut ibi ponat malum, ubi ponere debet bonum; nec ibi ponet bonum, ubi debet ponere malum. Si errare non potest, nos erramus, si non timemus; si autem timuerimus modo, tunc quod timeamus non habebimus. «Quoniam terribile et sanctum est; et honor regis judicium diligit.» Sic ergo timeant cum populi, ut corrigant se: non quasi multum praesumentes de misericordia ipsius, dimittant se, et male vivant; diligit enim misericordiam, sed diligit et judicium. Quae est misericordia? Ut modo praedicet tibi veritatem, ut modo clamet ad te ut convertaris. Parva misericordia est, quia vixisti in malis factis, et adhuc non te tulit cum peccares, ut credenti ignosceret peccata tua? parva misericordia est? Putas quia sic semper erit misericordia, ut neminem puniat? Noli sic putare. Terribile et sanctum nomen ejus; «et honor regis judicium diligit.» Injustum est enim judicium, et omnino non est judicium, nisi merita reddantur sua cuique, quemadmodum quisque gessit in corpore, sive bonum, sive malum : «et honor regis judicium diligit.» Ergo timeamus, ergo faciamus justitiam, ergo faciamus aequitatem.

98.7 PL 36, 1263

7. While ye are rejoicing, and delighted with the ductile trumpets, and the voice of the horn, what followeth? “Let the sea be stirred up, and the fulness thereof” (ver. 7). Brethren, when the Apostles, like ductile trumpets and horns, were preaching the truth, the sea was stirred up, its waves arose, tempests increased, persecutions of the Church took place. Whence hath the sea been stirred up? When a joyful noise was made, when Psalms of thanksgiving were being sung before God: the ears of God were pleased, the waves of the sea were raised. “Let the sea be stirred up, and the fulness thereof: the round world, and all that dwell therein.” Let the sea be stirred up in its persecutions. “Let the floods clap their hands together” (ver. 8). Let the sea be aroused, and the floods clap their hands together; persecutions arise, and the saints rejoice in God. Whence shall the floods clap their hands? What is to clap their hands? To rejoice in works. To clap hands, is to rejoice; hands, mean works. What floods? Those whom God hath made floods, by giving them that Water, the Holy Spirit. “If any man thirst,” saith He, “let him come unto Me, and drink. He that believeth on Me, out of his bosom shall flow rivers of living water.” These rivers clapped their hands, these rivers rejoiced in works, and blessed God. “The hills shall be joyful together.”

Sed quis facit aequitatem? quis facit justitiam? Homo peccator, homo iniquus, homo perversus, homo aversus a luce veritatis? Quid debet facere homo? Convertere se tantum ad Deum, ut ipse in illo formet aequitatem, quam ipse formare non potest, sed deformare. Idoneus est homo ad vulnerandum se; numquid idoneus est ad sanandum se? Quando vult aegrotat, non quando vult surgit. Si vult, vivat intemperanter vel in frigore vel in calore; eo die aegrotat, quo voluerit: cum autem vivendo intemperanter coeperit aegrotare, surgat quando vult; qui jacuit quando voluit, surgat, si potest, quando vult. Ut jaceret aegrotus, intemperantiam suam habuit necessariam: ut surgat autem, necessariam habet artificis medicinam. Sic ergo ut peccet homo, ipse sibi sufficit ad peccandum: ut justificetur, non sibi sufficit, nisi ab illo justificetur, qui solus est justus. Ut ergo illi se homines dent formandos ad justitiam, cum terruisset populos psalmus iste, et dixisset, «Confiteantur nomini tuo magno, quoniam terribile et sanctum est; et honor regis judicium diligit;» veluti quaerentes jam populos territos quomodo justi vivere debeant, quia in seipsis non possunt habere justitiam, commendavit illis et plasmatorem justitiae illorum, et secutus ait: «Tu parasti aequitatem; judicium et justitiam in Jacob tu fecisti.» Debemus enim et nos habere judicium, debemus habere justitiam; sed ille in nobis facit judicium et justitiam, qui nos fecit in quibus faceret. Quomodo et nos debemus habere judicium et justitiam? Judicium habes, quando discernis malum a bono; justitiam autem, quando sequeris bonum, et declinas a malo. Discernendo, judicium habes; faciendo, justitiam habes. «Declina a malo,» ait, «et fac bonum; quaere pacem, et sequere eam» . Primo debes habere judicium, et postea justitiam. Quod judicium? Ut primo judices quid sit malum, et quid sit bonum. Et quam justitiam? Declines a malo, et facias bonum. Hoc autem non a te habebis; quia vide quid dixit: «Judicium et justitiam in Jacob tu fecisti.»

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8. “Before the Lord, for He is come; for He is come to judge the earth” (ver. 9). “The hills” signify the great. The Lord cometh to judge the earth, and they rejoice. But there are hills, who, when the Lord is coming to judge the earth, shall tremble. There are therefore good and evil hills; the good hills, are spiritual greatness; the bad hills, are the swelling of pride. “Let the hills be joyful together before the Lord, for He is come; for He is come to judge the earth.” Wherefore shall He come, and how shall He come? “With righteousness shall He judge the world, and the people with equity” (ver. 10). Let the hills therefore rejoice; for He shall not judge unrighteously. When some man is coming as a judge, to whom the conscience cannot lie open, even innocent men may tremble, if from him they expect a reward for virtue, or fear the penalty of condemnation; when He shall come who cannot be deceived, let the hills rejoice, let them rejoice fearlessly; they shall be enlightened by Him, not condemned; let them rejoice, because the Lord will come to judge the world with equity; and if the righteous hills rejoice, let the unrighteous tremble. But behold, He hath not yet come: what need is there they should tremble? Let them mend their ways, and rejoice. It is in thy power in what way thou willest to await the coming of Christ. For this reason He delayeth to come, that when He cometh He may not condemn thee. Lo, He hath not yet come: He is in heaven, thou on earth: He delayeth His coming, do not thou delay wisdom. His coming is hard to the hard of heart, soft to the pious. See therefore even now what thou art: if hard of heart, thou canst soften; if thou art soft, even now rejoice that He will come. For thou art a Christian. Yea, thou sayest. I believe that thou prayest, and sayest, “Thy kingdom come.” Thou desirest Him to come, whose coming thou fearest. Reform thyself, that thou mayest not pray against thyself.

[«vers. 5.] Exaltate Dominum Deum nostrum.» Vere exaltate, bene exaltate. Laudemus illum, exaltemus illum qui fecit ipsam justitiam quam habemus; ipse in nobis fecit. Quis enim in nobis fecit justitiam, nisi qui nos justificavit? De Christo autem dictum est, «Qui justificat impium» . Nos ergo impii, ille justificator, quando et ipsam justitiam ipse in nobis fecit qua illi placeamus, ut ad dexteram nos ponat, et non ad sinistram: ut dicat ad dexteram positis, «Venite,» «benedicti Patris mei, percipite regnum quod vobis paratum est ab origine mundi;» non autem ponat ad sinistram, inter eos quibus dicturus est, «Ite in ignem aeternum, qui praeparatus est diabolo et angelis ejus» . Qui in nobis coronaturus est non merita nostra, sed dona sua, quantum debet exaltari? «Exaltate Dominum Deum nostrum.»

Philip Schaff (ed.), Buffalo/New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886-1889. Public domain: English translation first published 1885-1900 (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series). Latin: Migne, Patrologia Latina (1844-1855), public domain; transcription from Corpus Corporum (University of Zurich).

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